Sugar beet hybrids based on cytoplasmic male sterility and their useful properties

Abstract

The study was made during 2017–2020 in Central Black Earth (as basis), some Russian regions and in Kazakhstan. The main indicators were “yield”, “sugar content”, “sugar yield”, which were determined by traditional methods. То improve sowing properties of male sterile (MS) component, seeds were treated with synthesized organic compounds: 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 2-benzylamino-4-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid. An increase of seed germinative energy, seed germination, seedling length, and mass of 100 seedlings in the experiment as compared to the cont rol (%) were calculated. A positive effect from seed treatment on their sowing qualities and a stimulation of growth indicators was revealed in all variants of using the dihydroquinoline and the pyrimidine-carboxylic acid. A high level of monogermity (98–100 %) was noted in obtained hybrids. Studied hybrids show a higher level of main indicators: “yield”, “sugar content”, “sugar yield” compared to the standard. The treatment of uncoated sugar beet seeds with the pyrimidine-carboxylic acid provides an increase in seed germination energy by 29–55 %, seed germination by 25–53 %, average seedling length by 43–70 %, weight of 100 seedlings by 61–80 % compared to the control. Studied substances can be accepted as growth stimulants for sugar beet in laboratory and in field. Using CMS allows to create heterotic hybrids with the complex of economically valuable properties quicker compared to the traditional selection. This research provides obtaining hybrids on a sterile basis and study their useful properties. The results presented in the paper can be applied in the production process of sugar beet hybrids.