1. Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
2. Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
3. JahngRyu Industries Co., Ltd., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28101, Korea
4. Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Gunwi 39000, Korea