Chromogenic Bacteria in the Oral Cavity and Social Impact in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The mechanisms of black stain formation are poorly understood. Chromogenic bacteria are an etiological factor in black stains, but the bacterial species are still little known. No studies on the social impact of chromogenic bacteria on children have been found. However, a different type of aesthetic defect of the anterior teeth (amelogenesis imperfecta; enamel hypoplasia; incisive molar hypomineralization) can cause embarrassing situations for the child, including school bullying. Parents, who are responsible for the hygiene of their children, may also be subject to social judgments. Objective: To review the recent literature on the chromogenic bacteria mechanism and the social impact that might result on children. Method: A literature review search comprised two databases: PubMed and B-on. Eligible studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Results: The research resulted in a total of 650 articles, of which 18 articles were selected for a complete assessment, 9 about chromogenic bacteria and 9 about social impact. Subsequently, 23 were added. Conclusion: Based on this research it was verified that pigmentation is responsible for dental aesthetics alterations, it is possible that black pigment may have the same negative impact.