To generate a photonic nanojet outside a high refractive index microsphere illuminated by a Gaussian beam

Author:

Gašparić Vlatko1ORCID,Mayerhöfer Thomas G.23,Zopf David23,Ristić Davor1,Popp Jürgen23ORCID,Ivanda Mile1

Affiliation:

1. Ruđer Bošković Institute

2. Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT Jena)

3. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena

Abstract

A non-resonant, concentrated, narrow beam of light emerging from an illuminated microlens is called a photonic nanojet (PNJ). According to currently prevailing opinion, microspheres and microcylinders are only able to generate a PNJ in their exterior when their refractive index ns (or refractive index contrast) is less than 2. In this Letter we demonstrate that a PNJ can emerge from a microsphere even when ns > 2: first by employing the laws of geometrical optics for a divergent light source; then, by using ray transfer matrix analysis, a mathematical condition for the Gaussian beam (GB) outside the high ns microsphere is derived. The PNJ outside the microsphere with ns = 2.5 is simulated using Generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (GLMT), by using a front focused GB source. The simulated difference between front and back focusing on the dependence of ns is confirmed experimentally by Raman imaging. By opening the PNJ field for high refractive index materials, we believe this work will be a nucleus for new ideas in the field and enable new PNJ applications.

Funder

The Croatian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund - the Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Programme

Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst

Publisher

Optica Publishing Group

Subject

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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