Visual Acuity and Pupil Size in Maxwellian and Free View Systems With and Without Refractive Error

Abstract

Visual acuity is an integral part of a standard eye exam. Its value lies in its acute sensitivity to retinal image quality (Hirsch 1945; Peters 1961). Typically, 0.25 diopters of refractive error can produce a reliable change in acuity (Perrigin, Perrigin et al. 1982). However, the effects of refractive error vary with pupil size (Atchison, Smith et al. 1979).