Study of hybrid potato offspring based on the manifestation of quantitative and qualitative traits

Abstract

The main focus of the institution's breeding work is the creation of highly productive potato varieties based on high-quality breeding material characterized by a higher manifestation of economically valuable traits and stability of their expression regardless of external conditions. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of manifestation of economically valuable traits in hybrid combinations created from intervarietal crosses with subsequent selection of valuable genotypes to improve selective traits in new promising potato varieties. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing, organoleptic, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the research. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in the Polissya Research Department of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods in potato growing. The object of the research is intervarietal hybrids created with the participation of the best domestic varieties. According to the research results, it was found that highly productive offspring are obtained by combining parental forms by maturity: early/medium early, super early/early, mid-season/medium early, mid-season/super early and mid-season/early. Significant potential was found in some genotypes of combinations that demonstrate a 2–2.5 times higher yield than the parental form. Combinations have been identified in which an increase of 1.5–2 times the average weight of tubers is observed compared to the variety. At the same time, it should be noted that the 100 % share of genotypes in the combinations in preference to the parental form is as follows: productivity 48 %, average tuber weight 13 %, starch content 13 % and taste 22 %. Of the 23 combinations studied, 10 showed low starch content at the level of 14.3–16.0 % and 13 variants with an average ranging from 16.1 % to 18.0 %. Based on the research results, hybrid combinations were identified: «Vzirets» / «Svitana», «Vektar» / «Vzirets», «Svitana» / «Mezhyrichka 11» and «Bohach «/ «Vyhoda», which contain forms with a high starch content of 20.1–20.6 %. It should be noted that in terms of taste, the proportion of offspring with a positive increase in the trait to the parental form is 87 %. The most effective combinations with the highest tasting score have been selected. It was found that in the studied offspring, a positively high and medium correlation was observed between yield and average tuber weight. Key words: potato, selection, variety, offspring, type of crossing, maturity, crop productivity, average tuber weight, starch content, taste qualities, correlation coefficient.