Comparative evaluation of salivary, serum, and GCF alkaline phosphatase levels in chronic periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy: A clinico-biochemical study

Abstract

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that causes the supporting tissues around the teeth to become inflamed and destroyed, which further causes tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is involved in bone resorption and gingival inflammation, is an important biomarker. The current study’s objective is to compare the serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and salivary levels of ALP in individuals with chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: On the basis of clinical and radiographic examinations, 72 participants were split into two groups: Group I (healthy individuals) and Group II (chronic periodontitis patients). All patients who were in an aseptic condition had their serum, GCF, and unstimulated saliva taken, and samples were then tested for ALP levels using ALP kit. Results: The difference in salivary, serum, and GCF ALP levels between the control group (23.44 ± 4.76, 58.88 ± 8.29, and 776.76 ± 121.91) and the study group (105.66 ± 16.33, 102.38 ± 4.43, and 1,825.77 ± 275.12) was found to be statistically significant with P < 0.001. The difference in salivary, serum, and GCF ALP levels from baseline (105.66 ± 16.33, 102.38 ± 4.43, and 1,825.77 ± 275.12) to postoperative (49.54 ± 5.69, 83.46 ± 4.22, and 1,148.38 ± 129.01) was found to be statistically significant with P < 0.001. The results demonstrated that patients with chronic periodontitis have considerably higher levels of serum, GCF, and salivary ALP than healthy individuals. Conclusion: Salivary and GCF ALP can thus be used as a key inflammatory diagnostic biomarker in periodontal diseases.