Risk Factors of Impediment of the Early Childhood Development in Rural Bengal

Abstract

Abstract Background: Early childhood development (ECD) is the foundation of future life starting from conception and depends on biological and environmental factors. Seventy-four percent of these children reside in villages; many are underserved and marginalized. Enabling young children to achieve their full developmental potential is a requisite for sustainable development, but globally, 43% of children are still at risk to do so. The problem of ECD is grave for underprivileged rural population in India. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to identify the key risk factors that are prevalent in a marginalized rural community in West Bengal and to observe the impact of these impeding factors on ECD, thereby helping in priority setting in service delivery to optimize ECD promotion. Methods: In this community-based cross-sectional observational study, a random sample survey of 609 households with children 0–6 years was conducted in Purulia district, West Bengal, India, using a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey III-based questionnaire followed by data analysis. Results: Lack of stimulatory home environment, poor learning opportunities, and inadequate responsive parental care were major hindrances. The cumulative effect of multiple other health and hygiene factors was also hindering ECD. Most factors were strongly influenced by poor maternal education. Conclusion: Education of caregivers, especially parents by dedicated health workers on early learning opportunities, showed the path of applied sciences in pediatric clinical practice. To modulate socioeconomic adversities with responsive parental care, ECD can be fostered.