Genome-Based Therapeutics: Era of Precision Medicine in Genetic Epilepsies and Epileptic Encephalopathies

Abstract

Introduction: The recent evolution of genomics has led to the development of targeted therapeutics, revolutionizing medical approaches. This study aimed to assess the impact of genetic testing on the current epilepsy management paradigm with a specific focus on the variability of outcomes subsequent to genetic diagnoses. Methodology: Data were collected retrospectively from a cohort of children aged 1–18 years, diagnosed with refractory epilepsy of confirmed genetic origin. The participants received care at a quaternary care center’s pediatric neurology clinic from August 2019 to June 2021. The collected information included demographic characteristics, seizure types, EEG findings, imaging abnormalities, genetic diagnoses, attempted treatments, and seizure outcomes. Results: Among the 210 children with confirmed genetic diagnoses, 74 were included in the study. The gender distribution comprised 45 males and 29 females. Within the cohort, 68/74 exhibited single gene variations, with 23 cases associated with sodium/potassium/calcium channelopathies. Precision medicine could be applied to 25/74 cases. 17/74 children (22.97%) experienced a reduction of up to 50% in seizure frequency due to precision medicine implementation. Conclusion: While our study indicates the significance of genetic insights in adapting treatment approaches for pediatric epilepsy, it is important to temper our conclusions. The retrospective nature of our study confines our ability to definitively gauge the extent of precision medicine’s utility. Our findings suggest the potential of genetic information to enhance epilepsy management, but the true impact of precision medicine can only be established through prospective investigations.