Antimicrobial Activity of Some Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation Technique against Some Bacteria Isolated from Oral Cavity

Abstract

Background: Tooth decay is an infectious disease that affects many people around the world and results in tooth pain due to dental cavities, which leads to tooth loss. Nanomaterials were used in the manufacture of fillings to reduce the activity of bacteria that cause tooth decay. Objectives: The current study aims to determine the efficiency of the antimicrobial activity of some nanoparticles (Go + Ag + poly, Zn + poly, Zn + poly, Ag + Zn + poly) manufactured by laser ablation technique to determine their ability to disrupt the biofilm formation produced by microorganisms and thus prevent tooth decay. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from people who suffer from gingivitis and tooth decay and identification of bacteria by VITEK 2 Densi screening device. Nanoparticles were manufactured by laser ablation technique at the wavelength 1064 nm and then measuring the ability of bacterial isolates to form biofilm before and after the addition of nanoparticles using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) device at wavelength 490 nm. Results: The results showed the efficiency of the nanocomposite (Ag + poly) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, followed by (Go + Ag + poly), (Zn + poly), while (Ag + Zn + poly) did not show any effect in inhibiting the growth of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Serratia plymuthica, Staphylococcus hyicus on the culture media. It was noticed that the average value for formation biofilms that was represented through optical density at 490 nm were noticeably higher before adding nanomaterials than the mean value of biofilm formation amount after adding nanomaterials at P ≤ 0.05 which is considered as a differential sign. Conclusion: Laser ablation technology was used to manufacturing nanoparticles for using as an inhibitor of bacterial species which isolated from patients with dental caries, where it was found that most of the nanoparticles manufactured by this technique have a role for inhibiting of Sphingomonas paucimobilis Serratia plymuthica, Staphylococcus hyicus that were isolated from people with dental caries. The nanoparticle (Ag + poly) showed a remarkable efficiency in inhibiting the growth of S. paucimobilis, S. pneumonia, and S. hyicus except S. plymuthica was not affected by this nanoparticle, while the nanoparticle (Ag + Zn + poly) did not show any effect in inhibiting the growth of S. paucimobilis, S. pneumonia, S. plymuthica, and S. hyicus on the culture media. Mostly, laser-ablated nanoparticles showed antimicrobial action in vitro. Accordingly, there is a need for additional research to describe in detail the mechanism of the toxicity of these nanoparticles.