Comparison of Conventional and Microsurgical Access Flap Procedure in Managing Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the periodontal treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis treated using conventional and microsurgical access flap procedure. Materials and Methods: Fifty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to conventional (Group I) and microsurgical (Group II) open flap debridement procedure. The parameters measured were probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), wound healing, and postoperative pain. PD, CAL, GR, and BOP were assessed at pretreatment (baseline) and 3 months postoperatively. Wound healing was assessed using Landrey et al. healing index at 7th day and 3 months postoperatively and postoperative pain was assessed using number of analgesics taken for 7 days following surgery. Results: Healing Index score of 4 (very good healing) was found in 40% of sites of Group I and 95% of sites of Group II. Comparison of number of analgesics taken between groups on day 7 showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01), indicating that pain was significantly reduced in Group II compared to Group I. At 3 months postoperatively, there was no significant reduction in PD, CAL, GR, and BOP between the groups. Conclusions: In open flap debridement procedure, a microsurgical approach can substantially improve the early healing and induce less postoperative pain when compared to a conventional macroscopic approach.