Effectiveness of SMART heart package on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of coronary artery disease among high-risk adults in selected urban community at Bangalore

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Smoking is one of the triggering factors for CAD, which increases mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the SMART heart package on high-risk adults' knowledge and practice of coronary artery disease prevention. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A quasi-experimental research study was conducted in India from March 25 to April 23, 2022, through a house-to-house survey. This survey was conducted among 200 adults out of 159 high-risk adults who were identified by a screening tool, using a systematic random sampling technique to select 60 subjects for the study. A SMART heart package intervention was administered for selected high-risk adults. The pre-test and the post-test were conducted using self-administered structured questionnaires for knowledge and a non-observation checklist for practice. The data had been analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS: The findings show that at the baseline level of knowledge and practice, the majority of the subjects had inadequate knowledge 43 (71.7%) and 51 (85.0%) had poor practice, whereas after administration of the SMART heart package, 29 (48.3%) of subjects had moderately adequate knowledge and 29 (48.3%) had average practice. At baseline, the mean score was 41.5%, which increased to 79.1% on knowledge and 37.2% to 72.5% on practice after the implementation of the intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Hence, the SMART heart package was effective in increasing the level of knowledge and practice of CAD prevention among high-risk adults.