Exploring Impulsivity Levels in Suicide Attempters with Varying Lethality

Abstract

Abstract Background: Impulsivity is a critical factor in understanding suicidal behavior, influencing the likelihood and lethality of suicide attempts. This study investigates the relationship between impulsivity levels and the lethality of suicide attempts, aiming to elucidate the role of impulsivity in suicidal actions and to inform targeted interventions. Methodology: A sample of 100 participants who had recently attempted suicide was categorized into two groups based on the lethality of their attempts: low lethality (n = 79) and high lethality (n = 21). Impulsivity levels were measured using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-15 (BIS-15). Statistical analyses, including t-tests, were conducted to compare the mean impulsivity scores between the two groups. Results: The low lethality group had a mean BIS-15 score of 41.20 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.493), while the high lethality group had a mean score of 33.29 (SD = 7.254). The difference in mean scores was statistically significant (t = 6.228, P < 0.001), indicating higher impulsivity in the low lethality group. The SDs suggest greater variability in impulsivity levels within the high lethality group. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between impulsivity levels and the lethality of suicide attempts. Individuals with higher impulsivity tend to engage in less lethal suicide attempts, while those with lower impulsivity may plan more lethal attempts. These insights underscore the importance of assessing impulsivity in clinical settings to tailor prevention strategies and interventions effectively.