Depression, anxiety, coping, and resilience among amputees: A cross-sectional tertiary care hospital-based study

Abstract

Background: Amputation significantly impacts an individual’s physical and psychological well-being. It is essential to understand these implications of amputation as well as the coping and resilience of amputees as part of comprehensive patient care. Aim: To study depression, anxiety, coping, and resilience among tertiary care amputee cases. Materials and Methods: Consecutive 100 amputees seeking treatment in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study with their consent after ethics committee approval. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS-6), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-21) scale were administered. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software with the Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation. Results: Depression affected a significant majority (67%) of patients, while anxiety was present in one-third (33%) of individuals. Certain sociodemographic factors and clinical parameters such as age group, residence, socioeconomic status, side of amputation, and duration of amputation showed statistically significant correlations with depression, anxiety, and low resilience. Emotional coping was positively correlated to anxiety (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001) while task coping was negatively correlated to anxiety (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001). Resilience was negatively correlated to anxiety (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There exists a significant burden of depression and anxiety in amputees. Those with positive coping and high resilience were better at adjusting to amputation than those with emotion-based coping and low resilience.