Clinical insights and real-time PCR analysis of the first adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis outbreak in India: A comprehensive cross-sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the emergence of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis, with a focus on its clinical manifestations, prevalence, and implications within the context of acute epidemic conjunctivitis. Methods: Real-time PCR analysis was employed to precisely identify the viral strain in conjunctival swab samples. A total of 80 patients were tested, and specific clinical symptoms were assessed. Results: The study revealed the first documented case in India and the second worldwide of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis. The prevalence among the tested patients was significant, with 15% testing positive. Those infected with adeno-enterovirus exhibited shorter illnesses (≤3 days). Notably, clinical symptoms such as subconjunctival hemorrhage, chemosis, swelling, photophobia, and epiphora were significantly linked to this viral variant. Multivariable logistic regression analysis highlighted swelling and photophobia as robust predictors for identifying adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis cases. Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need to recognize adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis as a potential threat, capable of causing significant ocular morbidity. Swelling and photophobia emerged as robust predictors for identifying cases, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring and comprehension of this viral variant. Proactive measures are essential to address its clinical implications and mitigate its impact on affected populations. Ongoing research is crucial to unravel the complete spectrum of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis and guide effective management strategies.