Clinical Presentation and Management of Peripheral-induced Oromandibular Dystonia in Nigeria: A Case Report and Literature Update

Abstract

Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a rare focal neurological disorder associated with impaired masticatory function, dysphagia, dysphonia, and involuntary abnormal movements of the mandible of varying severity. The peripheral-induced variant among other factors is a common aetiological factor of secondary dystonias, associated with constellations of clinical features and presents with differing responses to various treatment therapies. To report a case of oromandibular dystonia and to add to the body of literature. The case report is of a 33-year-old male who presented with complaints pain on speaking and from the temporomandibular joint area for 8 months which adversely affected patient’s work, social life and psychological well-being. Examination revealed retraction and repetitive but uncoordinated pattern of labial, cheek and masticatory muscular movement on mouth opening and closing. Diagnosis of oromandibular dystonia was made on clinical grounds. Patient was managed with a combination of medications by the oral physician, and physical therapy, which led to a significant improvement in the control of muscle contractions within 5 weeks. OMD though a rare neuromuscular condition can present to the dentist, and effective assessment, diagnosis and collaboration with relevant specialities are key to improved outcome.