Prevalence of Dysglycaemia and Diabetes Mellitus amongst Adults in High-burden Kidney Disease Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract Background: Dysglycaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are important and preventable risk factors associated with kidney diseases, cardiovascular complications, and mortality worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with dysglycaemia and diabetes among adults in high-burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State, Northwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of representative sample of 361 adults, aged ≥18 years, was conducted in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, considered to have a high burden of kidney disease requiring hemodialysis. Data were collected using a modified World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire using a multistage sampling technique and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The minimum age of the respondents was 18 and the maximum was 102 with a median of 45 (interquartile range = 30–80) years. The majority of the respondents 89.5% were >24 years of age. The prevalence of dysglycemia and DM in the high-burden LGAs was 10.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Dutse LGA had the highest prevalence of dysglycemia 16.7%, followed by Hadejia LGA with a prevalence of 12.2%. On the other hand, Hadejia LGA had the highest prevalence of DM 7.7%, followed by Jahun LGA with a prevalence of 3.3%. Age ≥40 years, family histories of diabetes, being overweight, alcohol ingestion, and previous blood sugar tests were identified as factors associated with DM. The odds of developing diabetes were significantly higher among those with a reported history of alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, and overweight. Conclusion: Dysglycaemia and diabetes are significant public health problems, and many people who have the conditions are unaware they have them. Family history of diabetes, alcohol ingestion, and overweight are important risk factors. The government and all the relevant stakeholders should prioritize community screening and other relevant interventions for early detection and timely management of cases.