1. Alex-Assensoh, Y. (September 1995). “Myths About Race and the Underclass: Concentrated Poverty an ‘Underclass’ Behaviors” in Urban Affairs Review, Vol.31, No.1.
2. Baldwin, J. (1973). La prochain fois, le feu [The Fire Next Time]. (Trad. par: Michel Sciama; preface par Albert Memmi), Paris: Gallimard.a.
3. Social Problems;Bassis,1982
4. Bledsoe, T. et al. (March 1996). “Trends in Racial Attitudes in Detroit, 1968-1992” in Urban Affairs Review, Vol.31, No.4.
5. Brueggemann, J. (March 1995). “Class, Race and Symbolic Community” in Critical Sociology, Vol.21, No.4.