1. Personal and partisan advantage in U.S. congressional elections, 1846–1990;Alford,1993
2. Alford, J.R., Arcenaux, K.T., 2000. Isolating the Origins of the Incumbency Advantage: An Analysis of House Primaries, 1956–1990. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association.
3. Incumbency advantage in U.S. elections: an analysis of state and federal offices, 1942– 2000;Ansolabehere;Electoral Law Journal,2002
4. The decline of competition in U.S. primary elections, 1908–2004;Ansolabehere,2006
5. Explaining the competitiveness of gubernatorial primaries;Berry;Journal of Politics,1993