Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author:

Ong Kanyin Liane,Stafford Lauryn K,McLaughlin Susan A,Boyko Edward J,Vollset Stein Emil,Smith Amanda E,Dalton Bronte E,Duprey Joe,Cruz Jessica A,Hagins Hailey,Lindstedt Paulina A,Aali Amirali,Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis,Abate Melsew Dagne,Abbasian Mohammadreza,Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab,Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen,Abd ElHafeez Samar,Abd-Rabu Rami,Abdulah Deldar Morad,Abdullah Abu Yousuf Md,Abedi Vida,Abidi Hassan,Aboagye Richard Gyan,Abolhassani Hassan,Abu-Gharbieh Eman,Abu-Zaid Ahmed,Adane Tigist Demssew,Adane Denberu Eshetie,Addo Isaac Yeboah,Adegboye Oyelola A,Adekanmbi Victor,Adepoju Abiola Victor,Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah,Afolabi Rotimi Felix,Agarwal Gina,Aghdam Zahra Babaei,Agudelo-Botero Marcela,Aguilera Arriagada Constanza Elizabeth,Agyemang-Duah Williams,Ahinkorah Bright Opoku,Ahmad Danish,Ahmad Rizwan,Ahmad Sajjad,Ahmad Aqeel,Ahmadi Ali,Ahmadi Keivan,Ahmed Ayman,Ahmed Ali,Ahmed Luai A,Ahmed Syed Anees,Ajami Marjan,Akinyemi Rufus Olusola,Al Hamad Hanadi,Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz,AL-Ahdal Tareq Mohammed Ali,Alalwan Tariq A,Al-Aly Ziyad,AlBataineh Mohammad T,Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth,Alemi Sharifullah,Ali Hassam,Alinia Tahereh,Aljunid Syed Mohamed,Almustanyir Sami,Al-Raddadi Rajaa M,Alvis-Guzman Nelson,Amare Firehiwot,Ameyaw Edward Kwabena,Amiri Sohrab,Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi,Andrei Catalina Liliana,Anjana Ranjit Mohan,Ansar Adnan,Ansari Golnoosh,Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza,Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward,Arabloo Jalal,Aravkin Aleksandr Y,Areda Demelash,Arifin Hidayat,Arkew Mesay,Armocida Benedetta,Ärnlöv Johan,Artamonov Anton A,Arulappan Judie,Aruleba Raphael Taiwo,Arumugam Ashokan,Aryan Zahra,Asemu Mulu Tiruneh,Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad,Askari Elaheh,Asmelash Daniel,Astell-Burt Thomas,Athar Mohammad,Athari Seyyed Shamsadin,Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi,Avila-Burgos Leticia,Awaisu Ahmed,Azadnajafabad Sina,B Darshan B,Babamohamadi Hassan,Badar Muhammad,Badawi Alaa,Badiye Ashish D,Baghcheghi Nayereh,Bagheri Nasser,Bagherieh Sara,Bah Sulaiman,Bahadory Saeed,Bai Ruhai,Baig Atif Amin,Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin,Baradaran Hamid Reza,Barchitta Martina,Bardhan Mainak,Barengo Noel C,Bärnighausen Till Winfried,Barone Mark Thomaz Ugliara,Barone-Adesi Francesco,Barrow Amadou,Bashiri Hamideh,Basiru Afisu,Basu Sanjay,Basu Saurav,Batiha Abdul-Monim Mohammad,Batra Kavita,Bayih Mulat Tirfie,Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew,Behnoush Amir Hossein,Bekele Alehegn Bekele,Belete Melaku Ashagrie,Belgaumi Uzma Iqbal,Belo Luis,Bennett Derrick A,Bensenor Isabela M,Berhe Kidanemaryam,Berhie Alemshet Yirga,Bhaskar Sonu,Bhat Ajay Nagesh,Bhatti Jasvinder Singh,Bikbov Boris,Bilal Faiq,Bintoro Bagas Suryo,Bitaraf Saeid,Bitra Veera R,Bjegovic-Mikanovic Vesna,Bodolica Virginia,Boloor Archith,Brauer Michael,Brazo-Sayavera Javier,Brenner Hermann,Butt Zahid A,Calina Daniela,Campos Luciana Aparecida,Campos-Nonato Ismael R,Cao Yin,Cao Chao,Car Josip,Carvalho Márcia,Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A,Catalá-López Ferrán,Cerin Ester,Chadwick Joshua,Chandrasekar Eeshwar K,Chanie Gashaw Sisay,Charan Jaykaran,Chattu Vijay Kumar,Chauhan Kirti,Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad,Chekol Abebe Endeshaw,Chen Simiao,Cherbuin Nicolas,Chichagi Fatemeh,Chidambaram Saravana Babu,Cho William C S,Choudhari Sonali Gajanan,Chowdhury Rajiv,Chowdhury Enayet Karim,Chu Dinh-Toi,Chukwu Isaac Sunday,Chung Sheng-Chia,Coberly Kaleb,Columbus Alyssa,Contreras Daniela,Cousin Ewerton,Criqui Michael H,Cruz-Martins Natália,Cuschieri Sarah,Dabo Bashir,Dadras Omid,Dai Xiaochen,Damasceno Albertino Antonio Moura,Dandona Rakhi,Dandona Lalit,Das Saswati,Dascalu Ana Maria,Dash Nihar Ranjan,Dashti Mohsen,Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto,De la Cruz-Góngora Vanessa,Debele Gebiso Roba,Delpasand Kourosh,Demisse Fitsum Wolde,Demissie Getu Debalkie,Deng Xinlei,Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar,Deo Salil V,Dervišević Emina,Desai Hardik Dineshbhai,Desale Aragaw Tesfaw,Dessie Anteneh Mengist,Desta Fikreab,Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman,Dey Sourav,Dhama Kuldeep,Dhimal Meghnath,Diao Nancy,Diaz Daniel,Dinu Monica,Diress Mengistie,Djalalinia Shirin,Doan Linh Phuong,Dongarwar Deepa,dos Santos Figueiredo Francisco Winter,Duncan Bruce B,Dutta Siddhartha,Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian,Edinur Hisham Atan,Ekholuenetale Michael,Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus,Elgendy Islam Y,Elhadi Muhammed,El-Huneidi Waseem,Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou,Elmonem Mohamed A,Endeshaw Destaw,Esayas Hawi Leul,Eshetu Habitu Birhan,Etaee Farshid,Fadhil Ibtihal,Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis,Fahim Ayesha,Falahi Shahab,Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud,Farrokhpour Hossein,Farzadfar Farshad,Fatehizadeh Ali,Fazli Ghazal,Feng Xiaoqi,Ferede Tomas Y,Fischer Florian,Flood David,Forouhari Ali,Foroumadi Roham,Foroutan Koudehi Masoumeh,Gaidhane Abhay Motiramji,Gaihre Santosh,Gaipov Abduzhappar,Galali Yaseen,Ganesan Balasankar,Garcia-Gordillo MA,Gautam Rupesh K,Gebrehiwot Mesfin,Gebrekidan Kahsu Gebrekirstos,Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru,Getacher Lemma,Ghadirian Fataneh,Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi,Ghasemi Nour Mohammad,Ghassemi Fariba,Golechha Mahaveer,Goleij Pouya,Golinelli Davide,Gopalani Sameer Vali,Guadie Habtamu Alganeh,Guan Shi-Yang,Gudayu Temesgen Worku,Guimarães Rafael Alves,Guled Rashid Abdi,Gupta Rajeev,Gupta Kartik,Gupta Veer Bala,Gupta Vivek Kumar,Gyawali Bishal,Haddadi Rasool,Hadi Najah R,Haile Teklehaimanot Gereziher,Hajibeygi Ramtin,Haj-Mirzaian Arvin,Halwani Rabih,Hamidi Samer,Hankey Graeme J,Hannan Md Abdul,Haque Shafiul,Harandi Hamid,Harlianto Netanja I,Hasan S M Mahmudul,Hasan Syed Shahzad,Hasani Hamidreza,Hassanipour Soheil,Hassen Mohammed Bheser,Haubold Johannes,Hayat Khezar,Heidari Golnaz,Heidari Mohammad,Hessami Kamran,Hiraike Yuta,Holla Ramesh,Hossain Sahadat,Hossain Md Shakhaoat,Hosseini Mohammad-Salar,Hosseinzadeh Mehdi,Hosseinzadeh Hassan,Huang Junjie,Huda Md Nazmul,Hussain Salman,Huynh Hong-Han,Hwang Bing-Fang,Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel,Ikeda Nayu,Ilic Irena M,Ilic Milena D,Inbaraj Leeberk Raja,Iqbal Afrin,Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful,Islam Rakibul M,Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah,Iso Hiroyasu,Isola Gaetano,Itumalla Ramaiah,Iwagami Masao,Iwu Chidozie C D,Iyamu Ihoghosa Osamuyi,Iyasu Assefa N,Jacob Louis,Jafarzadeh Abdollah,Jahrami Haitham,Jain Rajesh,Jaja Chinwe,Jamalpoor Zahra,Jamshidi Elham,Janakiraman Balamurugan,Jayanna Krishnamurthy,Jayapal Sathish Kumar,Jayaram Shubha,Jayawardena Ranil,Jebai Rime,Jeong Wonjeong,Jin Yinzi,Jokar Mohammad,Jonas Jost B,Joseph Nitin,Joseph Abel,Joshua Charity Ehimwenma,Joukar Farahnaz,Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy,Kaambwa Billingsley,Kabir Ali,Kabthymer Robel Hussen,Kadashetti Vidya,Kahe Farima,Kalhor Rohollah,Kandel Himal,Karanth Shama D,Karaye Ibraheem M,Karkhah Samad,Katoto Patrick DMC,Kaur Navjot,Kazemian Sina,Kebede Sewnet Adem,Khader Yousef Saleh,Khajuria Himanshu,Khalaji Amirmohammad,Khan Moien AB,Khan Maseer,Khan Ajmal,Khanal Saval,Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad,Khater Amir M,Khateri Sorour,khorashadizadeh Fatemeh,Khubchandani Jagdish,Kibret Biruk Getahun,Kim Min Seo,Kimokoti Ruth W,Kisa Adnan,Kivimäki Mika,Kolahi Ali-Asghar,Komaki Somayeh,Kompani Farzad,Koohestani Hamid Reza,Korzh Oleksii,Kostev Karel,Kothari Nikhil,Koyanagi Ai,Krishan Kewal,Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj,Kuate Defo Barthelemy,Kuddus Mohammed,Kuddus Md Abdul,Kumar Rakesh,Kumar Harish,Kundu Satyajit,Kurniasari Maria Dyah,Kuttikkattu Ambily,La Vecchia Carlo,Lallukka Tea,Larijani Bagher,Larsson Anders O,Latief Kamaluddin,Lawal Basira Kankia,Le Thao Thi Thu,Le Trang Thi Bich,Lee Shaun Wen Huey,Lee Munjae,Lee Wei-Chen,Lee Paul H,Lee Sang-woong,Lee Seung Won,Legesse Samson Mideksa,Lenzi Jacopo,Li Yongze,Li Ming-Chieh,Lim Stephen S,Lim Lee-Ling,Liu Xuefeng,Liu Chaojie,Lo Chun-Han,Lopes Graciliana,Lorkowski Stefan,Lozano Rafael,Lucchetti Giancarlo,Maghazachi Azzam A,Mahasha Phetole Walter,Mahjoub Soleiman,Mahmoud Mansour Adam,Mahmoudi Razzagh,Mahmoudimanesh Marzieh,Mai Anh Tuan,Majeed Azeem,Majma Sanaye Pantea,Makris Konstantinos Christos,Malhotra Kashish,Malik Ahmad Azam,Malik Iram,Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain,Malta Deborah Carvalho,Mamun Abdullah A,Mansouri Borhan,Marateb Hamid Reza,Mardi Parham,Martini Santi,Martorell Miquel,Marzo Roy Rillera,Masoudi Reza,Masoudi Sahar,Mathews Elezebeth,Maugeri Andrea,Mazzaglia Giampiero,Mekonnen Teferi,Meshkat Mahboobeh,Mestrovic Tomislav,Miao Jonasson Junmei,Miazgowski Tomasz,Michalek Irmina Maria,Minh Le Huu Nhat,Mini GK,Miranda J Jaime,Mirfakhraie Reza,Mirrakhimov Erkin M,Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad,Misganaw Awoke,Misgina Kebede Haile,Mishra Manish,Moazen Babak,Mohamed Nouh Saad,Mohammadi Esmaeil,Mohammadi Mohsen,Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah,Mohammadshahi Marita,Mohseni Alireza,Mojiri-forushani Hoda,Mokdad Ali H,Momtazmanesh Sara,Monasta Lorenzo,Moniruzzaman Md,Mons Ute,Montazeri Fateme,Moodi Ghalibaf AmirAli,Moradi Yousef,Moradi Maryam,Moradi Sarabi Mostafa,Morovatdar Negar,Morrison Shane Douglas,Morze Jakub,Mossialos Elias,Mostafavi Ebrahim,Mueller Ulrich Otto,Mulita Francesk,Mulita Admir,Murillo-Zamora Efrén,Musa Kamarul Imran,Mwita Julius C,Nagaraju Shankar Prasad,Naghavi Mohsen,Nainu Firzan,Nair Tapas Sadasivan,Najmuldeen Hastyar Hama Rashid,Nangia Vinay,Nargus Shumaila,Naser Abdallah Y,Nassereldine Hasan,Natto Zuhair S,Nauman Javaid,Nayak Biswa Prakash,Ndejjo Rawlance,Negash Hadush,Negoi Ruxandra Irina,Nguyen Hau Thi Hien,Nguyen Dang H,Nguyen Phat Tuan,Nguyen Van Thanh,Nguyen Hien Quang,Niazi Robina Khan,Nigatu Yeshambel T,Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini,Nizam Muhammad A,Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles,Noreen Mamoona,Noubiap Jean Jacques,Nzoputam Ogochukwu Janet,Nzoputam Chimezie Igwegbe,Oancea Bogdan,Odogwu Nkechi Martina,Odukoya Oluwakemi Ololade,Ojha Vivek Anand,Okati-Aliabad Hassan,Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul,Okonji Osaretin Christabel,Okwute Patrick Godwin,Olufadewa Isaac Iyinoluwa,Onwujekwe Obinna E,Ordak Michal,Ortiz Alberto,Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi,Oulhaj Abderrahim,Owolabi Mayowa O,Padron-Monedero Alicia,Padubidri Jagadish Rao,Palladino Raffaele,Panagiotakos Demosthenes,Panda-Jonas Songhomitra,Pandey Ashok,Pandey Anamika,Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R,Pantea Stoian Anca Mihaela,Pardhan Shahina,Parekh Tarang,Parekh Utsav,Pasovic Maja,Patel Jay,Patel Jenil R,Paudel Uttam,Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino,Pereira Marcos,Perico Norberto,Perna Simone,Petcu Ionela-Roxana,Petermann-Rocha Fanny Emily,Podder Vivek,Postma Maarten J,Pourali Ghazaleh,Pourtaheri Naeimeh,Prates Elton Junio Sady,Qadir Mirza Muhammad Fahd,Qattea Ibrahim,Raee Pourya,Rafique Ibrar,Rahimi Mehran,Rahimifard Mahban,Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa,Rahman Md Obaidur,Rahman Muhammad Aziz,Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur,Rahman Mosiur,Rahman Md Mosfequr,Rahmani Mohamed,Rahmani Shayan,Rahmanian Vahid,Rahmawaty Setyaningrum,Rahnavard Niloufar,Rajbhandari Bibek,Ram Pradhum,Ramazanu Sheena,Rana Juwel,Rancic Nemanja,Ranjha Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz,Rao Chythra R,Rapaka Deepthi,Rasali Drona Prakash,Rashedi Sina,Rashedi Vahid,Rashid Ahmed Mustafa,Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi,Ratan Zubair Ahmed,Rawaf Salman,Rawal Lal,Redwan Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed,Remuzzi Giuseppe,Rengasamy Kannan RR,Renzaho Andre M N,Reyes Luis Felipe,Rezaei Nima,Rezaei Nazila,Rezaeian Mohsen,Rezazadeh Hossein,Riahi Seyed Mohammad,Rias Yohanes Andy,Riaz Muhammad,Ribeiro Daniela,Rodrigues Mónica,Rodriguez Jefferson Antonio Buendia,Roever Leonardo,Rohloff Peter,Roshandel Gholamreza,Roustazadeh Abazar,Rwegerera Godfrey M,Saad Aly M A,Saber-Ayad Maha Mohamed,Sabour Siamak,Sabzmakan Leila,Saddik Basema,Sadeghi Erfan,Saeed Umar,Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar,Safi Sare,Safi Sher Zaman,Saghazadeh Amene,Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes,Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh,Sahebkar Amirhossein,Sahoo Soumya Swaroop,Sahoo Harihar,Saif-Ur-Rahman KM,Sajid Mirza Rizwan,Salahi Sarvenaz,Salahi Saina,Saleh Mohamed A,Salehi Mohammad Amin,Salomon Joshua A,Sanabria Juan,Sanjeev Rama Krishna,Sanmarchi Francesco,Santric-Milicevic Milena M,Sarasmita Made Ary,Sargazi Saman,Sathian Brijesh,Sathish Thirunavukkarasu,Sawhney Monika,Schlaich Markus P,Schmidt Maria Inês,Schuermans Art,Seidu Abdul-Aziz,Senthil Kumar Nachimuthu,Sepanlou Sadaf G,Sethi Yashendra,Seylani Allen,Shabany Maryam,Shafaghat Tahereh,Shafeghat Melika,Shafie Mahan,Shah Nilay S,Shahid Samiah,Shaikh Masood Ali,Shanawaz Mohd,Shannawaz Mohammed,Sharfaei Sadaf,Shashamo Bereket Beyene,Shiri Rahman,Shittu Aminu,Shivakumar K M,Shivalli Siddharudha,Shobeiri Parnian,Shokri Fereshteh,Shuval Kerem,Sibhat Migbar Mekonnen,Silva Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues,Simpson Colin R,Singh Jasvinder A,Singh Paramdeep,Singh Surjit,Siraj Md Shahjahan,Skryabina Anna Aleksandrovna,Sohag Abdullah Al Mamun,Soleimani Hamidreza,Solikhah Solikhah,Soltani-Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh,Somayaji Ranjani,Sorensen Reed J D,Starodubova Antonina V,Sujata Sujata,Suleman Muhammad,Sun Jing,Sundström Johan,Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael,Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad,Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir,Tabish Mohammad,Taheri Majid,Taheri Ensiyeh,Taki Elahe,Tamuzi Jacques JL Lukenze,Tan Ker-Kan,Tat Nathan Y,Taye Birhan Tsegaw,Temesgen Worku Animaw,Temsah Mohamad-Hani,Tesler Riki,Thangaraju Pugazhenthan,Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman,Thapa Rajshree,Tharwat Samar,Thomas Nihal,Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera,Tiyuri Amir,Tonelli Marcello,Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto,Trico Domenico,Trihandini Indang,Tripathy Jaya Prasad,Tromans Samuel Joseph,Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom,Tualeka Abdul Rohim,Tufa Derara Girma,Tyrovolas Stefanos,Ullah Sana,Upadhyay Era,Vahabi Seyed Mohammad,Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj,Valizadeh Rohollah,van Daalen Kim Robin,Vart Priya,Varthya Shoban Babu,Vasankari Tommi Juhani,Vaziri Siavash,Verma Madhur verma,Verras Georgios-Ioannis,Vo Danh Cao,Wagaye Birhanu,Waheed Yasir,Wang Ziyue,Wang Yanqing,Wang Cong,Wang Fang,Wassie Gizachew Tadesse,Wei Melissa Y Wei,Weldemariam Abrha Hailay,Westerman Ronny,Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana,Wu YiFan,Wulandari Ratna DWI,Xia Juan,Xiao Hong,Xu Suowen,Xu Xiaoyue,Yada Dereje Y,Yang Lin,Yatsuya Hiroshi,Yesiltepe Metin,Yi Siyan,Yohannis Hunachew Kibret,Yonemoto Naohiro,You Yuyi,Zaman Sojib Bin,Zamora Nelson,Zare Iman,Zarea Kourosh,Zarrintan Armin,Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich,Zeru Naod Gebrekrstos,Zhang Zhi-Jiang,Zhong Chenwen,Zhou Jingjing,Zielińska Magdalena,Zikarg Yossef Teshome,Zodpey Sanjay,Zoladl Mohammad,Zou Zhiyong,Zumla Alimuddin,Zuniga Yves Miel H,Magliano Dianna J,Murray Christopher J L,Hay Simon I,Vos Theo

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Subject

General Medicine

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