1. Taylor, Charles Fayette,– The Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Combustion, Fuels, Materials, Design – Vol 2 - W. Hannover: The Massachussetts Institute of Technology, pag. 521-535-1977.
2. Larson, J.M., Jerkins, L.F., Narasimhan, S.L., Belmore, J.E. – Engine Valves – Design and Material Evolution – Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power – vol. 108/355-361-1987.
3. SAE J775 – Engine Poppet valve Information Report – SAE International, Surface Vehicle Information Report – Issued – 1961-06, revised 2004-11.
4. EATON - FEA Report – Report # 2009eng089 Eaton Italy, 2009.
5. ASTM E466 - Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials - E 466-96.(Reapproved 2002).