1. Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
2. School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
3. Urology Section, Surgical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
4. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
5. Epidemiology Research Enhancement Award Program of the Health Services Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
7. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, Denver, Colorado
8. Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
9. Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California