1. For the structure determination of scyphostatin including the absolute configurations of the cyclohexanone unit and biological activity, see: Tanaka, M.; Nara, F.; Suzuki, K.; Hosoya, T.; Ogita. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7871–7872; Nara, F.; Tanaka, M.; Hosoya, T.; Suzuki-Konagai, K.; Ogita, T. J. Antibiot. 1999, 52, 525; Nara, F.; Tanaka, M.; Masuda-Inoue, S.; Yamamoto, Y.; Doi-Yoshioka, H.; Suzuki-Konagai, K.; Kumakura, S.; Ogita, T. J. Antibiot. 1999, 52, 531.For the determination of the absolute configurations of the side chain, see: Saito, S.; Tanaka, N.; Fujimoto, K.; Kogen, H. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 505–506. Fpr an alternative study on the synthesis and configuration of scyphostatin side chain, see: Hoye, T. R.; Tennakoon, M. A. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1481–1483.
2. The sphingomyelin pathway in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 signaling
3. For a synthetic study for cyclohexenone segment in optically active form, see: (a) Gurjar, M. K.; Hotha, S. Heterocycles 2000, 53, 1885–1889; (b) Izuhara, T.; Katoh, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 7651–7655; (c) Izuhara, T.; Katoh, T. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1653–1656; (d) Izuhara, T.; Yokota, Y.; Inoue, M.; Katoh, T. Heterocycles 2002, 56, 553–560. For a synthetic study for cyclohexenone segment in non-optically active form, see: (e) Runcie, K. A.; Taylor, R. J. K. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 3237–3239.
4. For intramolecular haloetherification of ene acetals prepared from chiral non-racemic hydrobenzoin and achiral ene aldehyde, see: (a) Fujioka, H.; Kitagawa, H.; Matsunaga, N.; Nagatomi, Y.; Kita, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2245–2248; (b) Fujioka, H.; Kitagawa, H.; Nagatomi, Y.; Kita, Y. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7309–7315.
5. Cyclohexa-2,5-dienylethanal diethylacetal was prepared from benzoic acid in a four-steps sequence according to the literature procedure (Scholz, D.; Schmidt, U. Chem. Ber. 1974, 107, 2295–2298). Transacetalization of cyclohexa-2,5-dienylethanal diethylacetal with (R,R)-hydrobenzoin afforded 2. The details of these reactions will be published elsewhere.