1. Barnett v. Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee [1969] 1 QB 428.
2. Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582.
3. Bolitho v. City and Hackney Health Authority [1998] AC 232.
4. Clinical negligence cases in the English NHS: uncertainty in evidence as a driver of settlement costs and societal outcomes;Carter;Health Econ. Pol. Law,2022
5. Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] Sc (HL) 31.