Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

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Kouli O,Murray V,Bhatia S,Cambridge WA,Kawka M,Shafi S,Knight SR,Kamarajah SK,McLean KA,Glasbey JC,Khaw RA,Ahmed W,Akhbari M,Baker D,Borakati A,Mills E,Thavayogan R,Yasin I,Raubenheimer K,Ridley W,Sarrami M,Zhang G,Egoroff N,Pockney P,Richards T,Bhangu A,Creagh-Brown B,Edwards M,Harrison EM,Lee M,Nepogodiev D,Pinkney T,Pearse R,Smart N,Vohra R,Sohrabi C,Jamieson A,Nguyen M,Rahman A,English C,Tincknell L,Kakodkar P,Kwek I,Punjabi N,Burns J,Varghese S,Erotocritou M,McGuckin S,Vayalapra S,Dominguez E,Moneim J,Salehi M,Tan HL,Yoong A,Zhu L,Seale B,Nowinka Z,Patel N,Chrisp B,Harris J,Maleyko I,Muneeb F,Gough M,James CE,Skan O,Chowdhury A,Rebuffa N,Khan H,Down B,Fatimah Hussain Q,Adams M,Bailey A,Cullen G,Fu YXJ,McClement B,Taylor A,Aitken S,Bachelet B,Brousse de Gersigny J,Chang C,Khehra B,Lahoud N,Lee Solano M,Louca M,Rozenbroek P,Rozitis E,Agbinya N,Anderson E,Arwi G,Barry I,Batchelor C,Chong T,Choo LY,Clark L,Daniels M,Goh J,Handa A,Hanna J,Huynh L,Jeon A,Kanbour A,Lee A,Lee J,Lee T,Leigh J,Ly D,McGregor F,Moss J,Nejatian M,O'Loughlin E,Ramos I,Sanchez B,Shrivathsa A,Sincari A,Sobhi S,Swart R,Trimboli J,Wignall P,Bourke E,Chong A,Clayton S,Dawson A,Hardy E,Iqbal R,Le L,Mao S,Marinelli I,Metcalfe H,Panicker D,R HH,Ridgway S,Tan HH,Thong S,Van M,Woon S,Woon-Shoo-Tong XS,Yu S,Ali K,Chee J,Chiu C,Chow YW,Duller A,Nagappan P,Ng S,Selvanathan M,Sheridan C,Temple M,Do JE,Dudi-Venkata NN,Humphries E,Li L,Mansour LT,Massy-Westropp C,Fang B,Farbood K,Hong H,Huang Y,Joan M,Koh C,Liu YHA,Mahajan T,Muller E,Park R,Tanudisastro M,Wu JJG,Chopra P,Giang S,Radcliffe S,Thach P,Wallace D,Wilkes A,Chinta SH,Li J,Phan J,Rahman F,Segaran A,Shannon J,Zhang M,Adams N,Bonte A,Choudhry A,Colterjohn N,Croyle JA,Donohue J,Feighery A,Keane A,McNamara D,Munir K,Roche D,Sabnani R,Seligman D,Sharma S,Stickney Z,Suchy H,Tan R,Yordi S,Ahmed I,Aranha M,El Sabawy D,Garwood P,Harnett M,Holohan R,Howard R,Kayyal Y,Krakoski N,Lupo M,McGilberry W,Nepon H,Scoleri Y,Urbina C,Ahmad Fuad MF,Ahmed O,Jaswantlal D,Kelly E,Khan MHT,Naidu D,Neo WX,O'Neill R,Sugrue M,Abbas JD,Abdul-Fattah S,Azlan A,Barry K,Idris NS,Kaka N,Mc Dermott D,Mohammad Nasir MN,Mozo M,Rehal A,Shaikh Yousef M,Wong RH,Curran E,Gardner M,Hogan A,Julka R,Lasser G,Ní Chorráin N,Ting J,Browne R,George S,Janjua Z,Leung Shing V,Megally M,Murphy S,Ravenscroft L,Vedadi A,Vyas V,Bryan A,Sheikh A,Ubhi J,Vannelli K,Vawda A,Adeusi L,Doherty C,Fitzgerald C,Gallagher H,Gill P,Hamza H,Hogan M,Kelly S,Larry J,Lynch P,Mazeni NA,O'Connell R,O'Loghlin R,Singh K,Abbas Syed R,Ali A,Alkandari B,Arnold A,Arora E,Azam R,Breathnach C,Cheema J,Compton M,Curran S,Elliott JA,Jayasamraj O,Mohammed N,Noone A,Pal A,Pandey S,Quinn P,Sheridan R,Siew L,Tan EP,Tio SW,Toh VTR,Walsh M,Yap C,Yassa J,Young T,Agarwal N,Almoosawy SA,Bowen K,Bruce D,Connachan R,Cook A,Daniell A,Elliott M,Fung HKF,Irving A,Laurie S,Lee YJ,Lim ZX,Maddineni S,McClenaghan RE,Muthuganesan V,Ravichandran P,Roberts N,Shaji S,Solt S,Toshney E,Arnold C,Baker O,Belais F,Bojanic C,Byrne M,Chau CYC,De Soysa S,Eldridge M,Fairey M,Fearnhead N,Guéroult A,Ho JSY,Joshi K,Kadiyala N,Khalid S,Khan F,Kumar K,Lewis E,Magee J,Manetta-Jones D,Mann S,McKeown L,Mitrofan C,Mohamed T,Monnickendam A,Ng AYKC,Ortu A,Patel M,Pope T,Pressling S,Purohit K,Saji S,Shah Foridi J,Shah R,Siddiqui SS,Surman K,Utukuri M,Varghese A,Williams CYK,Yang JJ,Billson E,Cheah E,Holmes P,Hussain S,Murdock D,Nicholls A,Patel P,Ramana G,Saleki M,Spence H,Thomas D,Yu C,Abousamra M,Brown C,Conti I,Donnelly A,Durand M,French N,Goan R,O'Kane E,Rubinchik P,Gardiner H,Kempf B,Lai YL,Matthews H,Minford E,Rafferty C,Reid C,Sheridan N,Al Bahri T,Bhoombla N,Rao BM,Titu L,Chatha S,Field C,Gandhi T,Gulati R,Jha R,Jones Sam MT,Karim S,Patel R,Saunders M,Sharma K,Abid S,Heath E,Kurup D,Patel A,Ali M,Cresswell B,Felstead D,Jennings K,Kaluarachchi T,Lazzereschi L,Mayson H,Miah JE,Reinders B,Rosser A,Thomas C,Williams H,Al-Hamid Z,Alsadoun L,Chlubek M,Fernando P,Gaunt E,Gercek Y,Maniar R,Ma R,Matson M,Moore S,Morris A,Nagappan PG,Ratnayake M,Rockall L,Shallcross O,Sinha A,Tan KE,Virdee S,Wenlock R,Donnelly HA,Ghazal R,Hughes I,Liu X,McFadden M,Misbert E,Mogey P,O'Hara A,Peace C,Rainey C,Raja P,Salem M,Salmon J,Tan CH,Alves D,Bahl S,Baker C,Coulthurst J,Koysombat K,Linn T,Rai P,Sharma A,Shergill A,Ahmed M,Ahmed S,Belk LH,Choudhry H,Cummings D,Dixon Y,Dobinson C,Edwards J,Flint J,Franco Da Silva C,Gallie R,Gardener M,Glover T,Greasley M,Hatab A,Howells R,Hussey T,Khan A,Mann A,Morrison H,Ng A,Osmond R,Padmakumar N,Pervaiz F,Prince R,Qureshi A,Sawhney R,Sigurdson B,Stephenson L,Vora K,Zacken A,Cope P,Di Traglia R,Ferarrio I,Hackett N,Healicon R,Horseman L,Lam LI,Meerdink M,Menham D,Murphy R,Nimmo I,Ramaesh A,Rees J,Soame R,Dilaver N,Adebambo D,Brown E,Burt J,Foster K,Kaliyappan L,Knight P,Politis A,Richardson E,Townsend J,Abdi M,Ball M,Easby S,Gill N,Ho E,Iqbal H,Matthews M,Nubi S,Nwokocha JO,Okafor I,Perry G,Sinartio B,Vanukuru N,Walkley D,Welch T,Yates J,Yeshitila N,Bryans K,Campbell B,Gray C,Keys R,Macartney M,Chamberlain G,Khatri A,Kucheria A,Lee STP,Reese G,Roy choudhury J,Tan WYR,Teh JJ,Ting A,Kazi S,Kontovounisios C,Vutipongsatorn K,Amarnath T,Balasubramanian N,Bassett E,Gurung P,Lim J,Panjikkaran A,Sanalla A,Alkoot M,Bacigalupo V,Eardley N,Horton M,Hurry A,Isti C,Maskell P,Nursiah K,Punn G,Salih H,Epanomeritakis E,Foulkes A,Henderson R,Johnston E,McCullough H,McLarnon M,Morrison E,Cheung A,Cho SH,Eriksson F,Hedges J,Low Z,May C,Musto L,Nagi S,Nur S,Salau E,Shabbir S,Thomas MC,Uthayanan L,Vig S,Zaheer M,Zeng G,Ashcroft-Quinn S,Brown R,Hayes J,McConville R,French R,Gilliam A,Sheetal S,Shehzad MU,Bani W,Christie I,Franklyn J,Khan M,Russell J,Smolarek S,Varadarassou R,Ahmed SK,Narayanaswamy S,Sealy J,Shah M,Dodhia V,Manukyan A,O'Hare R,Orbell J,Chung I,Forenc K,Gupta A,Agarwal A,Al Dabbagh A,Bennewith R,Bottomley J,Chu TSM,Chu YYA,Doherty W,Evans B,Hainsworth P,Hosfield T,Li CH,McCullagh I,Mehta A,Thaker A,Thompson B,Virdi A,Walker H,Wilkins E,Dixon C,Hassan MR,Lotca N,Tong KS,Batchelor-Parry H,Chaudhari S,Harris T,Hooper J,Johnson C,Mulvihill C,Nayler J,Olutobi O,Piramanayagam B,Stones K,Sussman M,Weaver C,Alam F,Al Rawi M,Andrew F,Arrayeh A,Azizan N,Hassan A,Iqbal Z,John I,Jones M,Kalake O,Keast M,Nicholas J,Patil A,Powell K,Roberts P,Sabri A,Segue AK,Shah A,Shaik Mohamed SA,Shehadeh A,Shenoy S,Tong A,Upcott M,Vijayasingam D,Anarfi S,Dauncey J,Devindaran A,Havalda P,Komninos G,Mwendwa E,Norman C,Richards J,Urquhart A,Allan J,Cahya E,Hunt H,McWhirter C,Norton R,Roxburgh C,Tan JY,Ali Butt S,Hansdot S,Haq I,Mootien A,Sanchez I,Vainas T,Deliyannis E,Tan M,Vipond M,Chittoor Satish NN,Dattani A,De Carvalho L,Gaston-Grubb M,Karunanithy L,Lowe B,Pace C,Raju K,Roope J,Taylor C,Youssef H,Munro T,Thorn C,Wong KHF,Yunus A,Chawla S,Datta A,Dinesh AA,Field D,Georgi T,Gwozdz A,Hamstead E,Howard N,Isleyen N,Jackson N,Kingdon J,Sagoo KS,Schizas A,Yin L,Aung E,Aung YY,Franklin S,Han SM,Kim WC,Martin Segura A,Rossi M,Ross T,Tirimanna R,Wang B,Zakieh O,Ben-Arzi H,Flach A,Jackson E,Magers S,Olu abara C,Rogers E,Sugden K,Tan H,Veliah S,Walton U,Asif A,Bharwada Y,Bowley D,Broekhuizen A,Cooper L,Evans N,Girdlestone H,Ling C,Mann H,Mehmood N,Mulvenna CL,Rainer N,Trout I,Gujjuri R,Jeyaraman D,Leong E,Singh D,Smith E,Anderton J,Barabas M,Goyal S,Howard D,Joshi A,Mitchell D,Weatherby T,Badminton R,Bird R,Burtle D,Choi NY,Devalia K,Farr E,Fischer F,Fish J,Gunn F,Jacobs D,Johnston P,Kalakoutas A,Lau E,Loo YNAF,Louden H,Makariou N,Mohammadi K,Nayab Y,Ruhomaun S,Ryliskyte R,Saeed M,Shinde P,Sudul M,Theodoropoulou K,Valadao-Spoorenberg J,Vlachou F,Arshad SR,Janmohamed AM,Noor M,Oyerinde O,Saha A,Syed Y,Watkinson W,Ahmadi H,Akintunde A,Alsaady A,Bradley J,Brothwood D,Burton M,Higgs M,Hoyle C,Katsura C,Lathan R,Louani A,Mandalia R,Prihartadi AS,Qaddoura B,Sandland-Taylor L,Thadani S,Thompson A,Walshaw J,Teo S,Ali S,Bawa JH,Fox S,Gargan K,Haider SA,Hanna N,Hatoum A,Khan Z,Krzak AM,Li T,Pitt J,Tan GJS,Ullah Z,Wilson E,Cleaver J,Colman J,Copeland L,Coulson A,Davis P,Faisal H,Hassan F,Hughes JT,Jabr Y,Mahmoud Ali F,Nahaboo Solim ZN,Sangheli A,Shaya S,Thompson R,Cornwall H,De Andres Crespo M,Fay E,Findlay J,Groves E,Jones O,Killen A,Millo J,Thomas S,Ward J,Wilkins M,Zaki F,Zilber E,Bhavra K,Bilolikar A,Charalambous M,Elawad A,Eleni A,Fawdon R,Gibbins A,Livingstone D,Mala D,Oke SE,Padmakumar D,Patsalides MA,Payne D,Ralphs C,Roney A,Sardar N,Stefanova K,Surti F,Timms R,Tosney G,Bannister J,Clement NS,Cullimore V,Kamal F,Lendor J,McKay J,Mcswiggan J,Minhas N,Seneviratne K,Simeen S,Valverde J,Watson N,Bloom I,Dinh TH,Hirniak J,Joseph R,Kansagra M,Lai CKN,Melamed N,Patel J,Randev J,Sedighi T,Shurovi B,Sodhi J,Vadgama N,Abdulla S,Adabavazeh B,Champion A,Chennupati R,Chu K,Devi S,Haji A,Schulz J,Testa F,Davies P,Gurung B,Howell S,Modi P,Pervaiz A,Zahid M,Abdolrazaghi S,Abi Aoun R,Anjum Z,Bawa G,Bhardwaj R,Brown S,Enver M,Gill D,Gopikrishna D,Gurung D,Kanwal A,Kaushal P,Khanna A,Lovell E,McEvoy C,Mirza M,Nabeel S,Naseem S,Pandya K,Perkins R,Pulakal R,Ray M,Reay C,Reilly S,Round A,Seehra J,Shakeel NM,Singh B,Vijay Sukhnani M,Brown L,Desai B,Elzanati H,Godhaniya J,Kavanagh E,Kent J,Kishor A,Liu A,Norwood M,Shaari N,Wood C,Wood M,Brown A,Chellapuri A,Ferriman A,Ghosh I,Kulkarni N,Noton T,Pinto A,Rajesh S,Varghese B,Wenban C,Aly R,Barciela C,Brookes T,Corrin E,Goldsworthy M,Mohamed Azhar MS,Moore J,Nakhuda S,Ng D,Pillay S,Port S,Abdullah M,Akinyemi J,Islam S,Kale A,Lewis A,Manjunath T,McCabe H,Misra S,Stubley T,Tam JP,Waraich N,Chaora T,Ford C,Osinkolu I,Pong G,Rai J,Risquet R,Ainsworth J,Ayandokun P,Barham E,Barrett G,Barry J,Bisson E,Bridges I,Burke D,Cann J,Cloney M,Coates S,Cripps P,Davies C,Francis N,Green S,Handley G,Hathaway D,Hurt L,Jenkins S,Johnston C,Khadka A,McGee U,Morris D,Murray R,Norbury C,Pierrepont Z,Richards C,Ross O,Ruddy A,Salmon C,Shield M,Soanes K,Spencer N,Taverner S,Williams C,Wills-Wood W,Woodward S,Chow J,Fan J,Guest O,Hunter I,Moon WY,Arthur-Quarm S,Edwards P,Hamlyn V,McEneaney L,N D G,Pranoy S,Ting M,Abada 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N,Kouadria M,Lee L,MacConnachie A,Monks F,Mungroo S,Nikoletopoulou C,Pearce L,Sara X,Shahid A,Suresh G,Wilcha R,Atiyah A,Davies E,Dermanis A,Gibbons H,Hyde A,Lawson A,Lee C,Leung-Tack M,Li Saw Hee J,Mostafa O,Nair D,Pattani N,Plumbley-Jones J,Pufal K,Ramesh P,Sanghera J,Saram S,Scadding S,See S,Stringer H,Torrance A,Vardon H,Wyn-Griffiths F,Brew A,Kaur G,Soni D,Tickle A,Akbar Z,Appleyard T,Figg K,Jayawardena P,Johnson A,Kamran Siddiqui Z,Lacy-Colson J,Oatham R,Rowlands B,Sludden E,Turnbull C,Allin D,Ansar Z,Azeez Z,Dale VH,Garg J,Horner A,Jones S,Knight S,McGregor C,McKenna J,McLelland T,Packham-Smith A,Rowsell K,Spector-Hill I,Adeniken E,Baker J,Bartlett M,Chikomba L,Connell B,Deekonda P,Dhar M,Elmansouri A,Gamage K,Goodhew R,Hanna P,Knight J,Luca A,Maasoumi N,Mahamoud F,Manji S,Marwaha PK,Mason F,Oluboyede A,Pigott L,Razaq AM,Richardson M,Saddaoui I,Wijeyendram P,Yau S,Atkins W,Liang K,Miles N,Praveen B,Ashai S,Braganza J,Common J,Cundy A,Davies R,Guthrie J,Handa I,Iqbal M,Ismail R,Jones C,Jones I,Lee KS,Levene A,Okocha M,Olivier J,Smith A,Subramaniam E,Tandle S,Wang A,Watson A,Wilson C,Chan XHF,Khoo E,Montgomery C,Norris M,Pugalenthi PP,Common T,Cook E,Mistry H,Shinmar HS,Agarwal G,Bandyopadhyay S,Brazier B,Carroll L,Goede A,Harbourne A,Lakhani A,Lami M,Larwood J,Martin J,Merchant J,Pattenden S,Pradhan A,Raafat N,Rothwell E,Shammoon Y,Sudarshan R,Vickers E,Wingfield L,Ashworth I,Azizi S,Bhate R,Chowdhury T,Christou A,Davies L,Dwaraknath M,Farah Y,Garner J,Gureviciute E,Hart E,Jain A,Javid S,Kankam HK,Kaur Toor P,Kaz R,Kermali M,Khan I,Mattson A,McManus A,Murphy M,Nair K,Ngemoh D,Norton E,Olabiran A,Parry L,Payne T,Pillai K,Price S,Punjabi K,Raghunathan A,Ramwell A,Raza M,Ritehnia J,Simpson G,Smith W,Sodeinde S,Studd L,Subramaniam M,Thomas J,Towey S,Tsang E,Tuteja D,Vasani J,Vio M,Badran A,Adams J,Anthony Wilkinson J,Asvandi S,Austin T,Bald A,Bix E,Carrick M,Chander B,Chowdhury S,Cooper Drake B,Crosbie S,D Portela S,Francis D,Gallagher C,Gillespie R,Gravett H,Gupta P,Ilyas C,James G,Johny J,Jones A,Kinder F,MacLeod C,Macrow C,Maqsood-Shah A,Mather J,McCann L,McMahon R,Mitham E,Mohamed M,Munton E,Nightingale K,O'Neill K,Onyemuchara I,Senior R,Shanahan A,Sherlock J,Spyridoulias A,Stavrou C,Stokes D,Tamang R,Taylor E,Trafford C,Uden C,Waddington C,Yassin D,Zaman M,Bangi S,Cheng T,Chew D,Hussain N,Imani-Masouleh S,Mahasivam G,McKnight G,Ng HL,Ota HC,Pasha T,Ravindran W,Shah K,Vishnu K S,Zaman S,Carr W,Cope S,Eagles EJ,Howarth-Maddison M,Li CY,Reed J,Ridge A,Stubbs T,Teasdaled D,Umar R,Worthington J,Dhebri A,Kalenderov R,Alattas A,Arain Z,Bhudia R,Chia D,Daniel S,Dar T,Garland H,Girish M,Hampson A,Kyriacou H,Lehovsky K,Mullins W,Omorphos N,Vasdev N,Venkatesh A,Waldock W,Bhandari A,Brown G,Choa G,Eichenauer CE,Ezennia K,Kidwai Z,Lloyd-Thomas A,Macaskill Stewart A,Massardi C,Sinclair E,Skajaa N,Smith M,Tan I,Afsheen N,Anuar A,Azam Z,Bhatia P,Davies-kelly N,Dickinson S,Elkawafi M,Ganapathy M,Gupta S,Khoury EG,Licudi D,Mehta V,Neequaye S,Nita G,Tay VL,Zhao S,Botsa E,Cuthbert H,Elliott J,Furlepa M,Lehmann J,Mangtani A,Narayan A,Nazarian S,Parmar C,Shah D,Shaw C,Zhao Z,Beck C,Caldwell S,Clements JM,French B,Kenny R,Kirk S,Lindsay J,McClung A,McLaughlin N,Watson S,Whiteside E,Alyacoubi S,Arumugam V,Beg R,Dawas K,Garg S,Lloyd ER,Mahfouz Y,Manobharath N,Moonesinghe R,Morka N,Patel K,Prashar J,Yip S,Adeeko ES,Ajekigbe F,Bhat A,Evans C,Farrugia A,Gurung C,Long T,Malik B,Manirajan S,Newport D,Rayer J,Ridha A,Ross E,Saran T,Sinker A,Waruingi D,Allen R,Al Sadek Y,Alves do Canto Brum H,Asharaf H,Ashman M,Balakumar V,Barrington J,Baskaran R,Berry A,Bhachoo H,Bilal A,Boaden L,Chia WL,Covell G,Crook D,Dadnam F,Davis L,De Berker H,Doyle C,Fox C,Gruffydd-Davies M,Hafouda Y,Hill A,Hubbard E,Hunter A,Inpadhas V,Jamshaid M,Jandu G,Jeyanthi M,Jones T,Kantor C,Kwak SY,Malik N,Matt R,McNulty P,Miles C,Mohomed A,Myat P,Niharika J,Nixon A,O'Reilly D,Parmar K,Pengelly S,Price L,Ramsden M,Turnor R,Wales E,Waring H,Wu M,Yang T,Ye TTS,Zander A,Zeicu C,Bellam S,Francombe J,Kawamoto N,Rahman MR,Sathyanarayana A,Tang HT,Cheung J,Hollingshead J,Page V,Sugarman J,Wong E,Chiong J,Fung E,Kan SY,Kiang J,Kok J,Krahelski O,Liew MY,Lyell B,Sharif Z,Speake D,Alim L,Amakye NY,Chandrasekaran J,Chandratreya N,Drake J,Owoso T,Thu YM,Abou El Ela Bourquin B,Alberts J,Chapman D,Rehnnuma N,Ainsworth K,Carpenter H,Emmanuel T,Fisher T,Gabrel M,Guan Z,Hollows S,Hotouras A,Ip Fung Chun N,Jaffer S,Kallikas G,Kennedy N,Lewinsohn B,Liu FY,Mohammed S,Rutherfurd A,Situ T,Stammer A,Taylor F,Thin N,Urgesi E,Zhang N,Ahmad MA,Bishop A,Bowes A,Dixit A,Glasson R,Hatta S,Hatt K,Larcombe S,Preece J,Riordan E,Fegredo D,Haq MZ,Li C,McCann G,Stewart D,Baraza W,Bhullar D,Burt G,Coyle J,Deans J,Devine A,Hird R,Ikotun O,Manchip G,Ross C,Storey L,Tan WWL,Tse C,Warner C,Whitehead M,Wu F,Court EL,Crisp E,Huttman M,Mayes F,Robertson H,Rosen H,Sandberg C,Smith H,Al Bakry M,Ashwell W,Bajaj S,Bandyopadhyay D,Browlee O,Burway S,Chand CP,Elsayeh K,Elsharkawi A,Evans E,Ferrin S,Fort-Schaale A,Iacob M,I K,Impelliziere Licastro G,Mankoo AS,Olaniyan T,Otun J,Pereira R,Reddy R,Saeed D,Simmonds O,Singhal G,Tron K,Wickstone C,Williams R,Bradshaw E,De Kock Jewell V,Houlden C,Knight C,Metezai H,Mirza-Davies A,Seymour Z,Spink D,Wischhusen S

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Health Information Management,Decision Sciences (miscellaneous),Health Informatics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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