1. ASTM Standard D7169: Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography; 2018.
2. ASTM Standard D2007: Standard Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method; 2016.
3. Apan IT. Personal Communication. Calgary, Canada, 2018.
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5. Characterization of Athabasca vacuum residue and its visbroken products, stability and fast hydrocarbon group-type distributions;Carbognani;Energy Fuels,2007