1. Fishes of the world;Nelson,2016
2. Contributions to the life histories of the deep sea eels: Synaphobranchidae;Bruun;Dana Rep.,1937
3. W.N. Eschmeyer, J.D. Fong, Species by family/subfamily in the Catalog of Fishes, Electronic Publication, http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp. (last assessed 30 Sept. 2017).
4. Synaphobranchidae. Cutthroat eels, pp. 1658–1661;Smith,1999
5. Synaphobranchidae. Cutthroat eels, pp. 719–723;Smith,2003