1. Meacham HC and Prause RH (1978) The development of analytical models for railroad track dynamics;Ahlbeck,1978
2. The Influence of Stiffness Variations in Railway Tracks;Andersson,2013
3. AREMA (2006) American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association. Manual for Railway Engineering, Volume 1, Chapter 30, Part 1, “Ties – General Considerations”.
4. AS1085.14 ( 2003) Standards Australia: Railway track material. Part 14: Pre-stressed concrete sleepers. Australian Standard : AS1085.14 - 2003, Sydney, Australia.
5. Field studies on sleeper deflection and ballast pressure in heavy haul track;Askarinejad;Aust. J. Struct. Eng.,2018