1. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study was a 20-year trial, which recruited 5102 patients with type II diabetes in 23 clinical centers, based in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland. The late Professor Robert Turner, Professor of Medicine, and Professor Rury Holman, Professor of Diabetic Medicine led the study at the University of Oxford. The major results were presented at the September 1998 EASD meeting in Barcelona, published simultaneously in five papers in the Lancet and the British Medical Journal.
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Diabetes Fact Sheet: General Information and National Estimates on Diabetes in the United States, 2000.
3. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study;Ohkubo;Diab. Res. Clin. Pract.,1993
4. The effect of long-term intensified insulin treatment on the development of micro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus;Reichard;N. Engl. J. Med.,1999
5. Identifying achievable benchmarks of care: concepts and methodology;Kiefe;Int. J. Qual. Health Care,1998