Transcriptional regulation of the mtrCDE efflux pump operon: importance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance

Author:

Ayala Julio C.1,Balthazar Jacqueline T.1,Shafer William M.213ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA

2. The Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

3. Laboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Center (Atlanta), Decatur, Georgia, 30033, USA

Abstract

This review focuses on the mechanisms of transcriptional control of an important multidrug efflux pump system (MtrCDE) possessed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the aetiological agent of the sexually transmitted infection termed gonorrhoea. The mtrCDE operon that encodes this tripartite protein efflux pump is subject to both cis- and trans-acting transcriptional factors that negatively or positively influence expression. Critically, levels of MtrCDE can influence levels of gonococcal susceptibility to classical antibiotics, host-derived antimicrobials and various biocides. The regulatory systems that control mtrCDE can have profound influences on the capacity of gonococci to resist current and past antibiotic therapy regimens as well as virulence. The emergence, mechanisms of action and clinical significance of the transcriptional regulatory systems that impact mtrCDE expression in gonococci are reviewed here with the aim of linking bacterial antimicrobial resistance with multidrug efflux capability.

Publisher

Microbiology Society

Subject

Microbiology

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