Genome comparison of three serovar 5 pathogenic strains of Haemophilus parasuis: insights into an evolving swine pathogen

Author:

Bello-Ortí Bernardo1,Aragon Virginia21,Pina-Pedrero Sonia21,Bensaid Albert1

Affiliation:

1. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

2. Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain

Abstract

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, a systemic disorder characterized by polyarthritis, polyserositis and meningitis in pigs. Although it is well known that H. parasuis serovar 5 is the most prevalent serovar associated with the disease, the genetic differences among strains are only now being discovered. Genomes from two serovar 5 strains, SH0165 and 29755, are already available. Here, we present the draft genome of a third H. parasuis serovar 5 strain, the formal serovar 5 reference strain Nagasaki. An in silico genome subtractive analysis with full-length predicted genes of the three H. parasuis serovar 5 strains detected 95, 127 and 95 strain-specific genes (SSGs) for Nagasaki, SH0165 and 29755, respectively. We found that the genomic diversity within these three strains was high, in part because of a high number of mobile elements. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs), encompassing regions ranging from 2 to 16 kb, revealed LSPs in virulence-related elements, such as a Toll-IL receptor, the AcrA multidrug efflux protein, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, lipopolysaccharide-synthetizing enzymes and a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporter. The whole-genome codon adaptation index (CAI) was also calculated and revealed values similar to other well-known bacterial pathogens. In addition, whole-genome SNP analysis indicated that nucleotide changes tended to be increased in membrane-related genes. This analysis provides further evidence that the genome of H. parasuis has been subjected to multiple lateral gene transfers (LGTs) and to fine-tuning of virulence factors, and has the potential for accelerated genome evolution.

Funder

Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Publisher

Microbiology Society

Subject

Microbiology

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