Advancing Sustainable Approaches for the Removal and Recycling of Toxic Dyes from the Aquatic Environment

Abstract

The widespread usage of synthetic dyes and chemicals across industries leads to the production of a considerable amount of wastewater. Textile industries, in particular, frequently release harmful dyes directly into the environment, presenting significant threats to human health. Discharging untreated sewage from numerous textile industries contributes to severe environmental consequences. To address these concerns, there is growing emphasis on developing efficient and cost-effective nano-adsorbents, leveraging their distinctive properties to mitigate the ecological impact of dyes. In light of these challenges, significant efforts have been focused on developing efficient adsorbents to remove unwanted substances from wastewater. Effectively and selectively eliminating dyes is increasingly acknowledged as essential for addressing environmental concerns. A comprehensive approach involves comparing the degradation efficiency of different catalysts, considering the search for a suitable adsorbent. This chapter comprehensively examines numerous advanced adsorbents in the literature for dye degradation. In addition to outlining the physicochemical characteristics of various adsorbents, the chapter delves into the mechanisms and effectiveness of the adsorption process. It is crucial to tackle the challenges inherent in dye degradation to alleviate the adverse environmental effects of dyes. A critical evaluation of next-generation adsorbents can advance the adoption of clean and cost-effective water purification practices.