Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread parasitic infection caused by the Leishmania, which is carried by female sandflies. The symptoms include basic ulcer to lethal systemic disease i.e., formation of widely dispersed skin lesions of diverse types. Almost 350 million individuals are at danger and the disease is endemic in more than 98 countries. There are globally 12 million cases, with 2–2.5 million new cases annually. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as critically neglected disease by WHO. Earlier it was difficult to identify the infecting parasite, but modern DNA techniques make it quite simple to identify the Leishmania species, allowing quick treatment decisions. The quick identification of Leishmania is made possible using the PCR method. There is currently no vaccination to prevent leishmaniasis, and pharmacological treatment is frequently ineffectual. There is a need for broad and well-conducted investigations to help its control. Amphotericin B, pentamidine isethionate, paromomycin, and antifungals are some of the drugs recommended for treatment. By organising direct, in-person training, which is a crucial step in improving attitudes and preventative actions toward CL and its control in endemic areas, it is necessary to underline the significance and necessity of teaching this at-risk population.