Assessment and Interpretation of Nystagmus: Past to Present

Abstract

Nystagmus, a condition characterised by rhythmic involuntary eye movements, has been described differently in history. It was first identified by Hippocrates as “hippos” and was first used in the late nineteenth century. Clinical exploration of nystagmus has evolved through various non-invasive tests, including comparing stable images before rotation, listening to eye movements during reading, and using photographic devices. In recent years, advancements in technology, such as infrared and video-based techniques, artificial intelligence, and deep learning systems, have been developed to better understand and diagnose nystagmus.