Salmonella enterica Transmission and Antimicrobial Resistance Dynamics across One-Health Sector

Abstract

From human infection to animal production and the environment, Salmonella enterica has become a global-threat. The pathogen’s dynamics have been determined by its transfer from sector to sector. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive and proliferate in antibiotics. Misuse of antibiotics has made certain S. enterica resistant. The One-Health sector has antibiotic-resistant Salmonella (an approach that recognizes that human health is closely connected to the health of animals and the shared environment). According to certain studies, most animal and environmental S. enterica have virulence genes needed for human infections. S. enterica antibiotic resistance patterns have varied over the decades, resulting in pan-drug-resistant-strains. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes are found in One-Health Salmonella species. The S. enterica subspecies Typhi has been found to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR) in some areas. Cephalosporin-resistant S. enterica subspecies Typhi is a severe problem that underscores the need for Vi-conjugat-vaccines. New diagnostics for resistant-Salmonella in food, animal, environment, and human sectors are needed to control the spread of these deadly infections. Also, hygiene is essential as reduced transmissions have been recorded in developed countries due to improved hygienic practices. This chapter aims to discuss the transmission and antimicrobial resistance dynamics of S. enterica across the One-Health sector.