Functional Visual Loss

Abstract

Functional visual loss (FVL) is a condition characterized by apparent blindness or visual impairment without any organic or structural abnormalities in the eye. This condition poses diagnostic challenges in both adults and children due to its varied presentations and potential overlap with genuine visual disorders. In adults, FVL is often associated with psychological stressors or underlying emotional conflicts, while in children, it may stem from factors such as family dynamics or school-related stress. Diagnosis of FVL requires a comprehensive evaluation of visual function using a range of clinical tests and ancillary investigations. Tailoring tests based on the laterality and severity of visual loss aids in diagnosis. It is imperative to rule out organic pathology and become skilled in techniques for identifying FVL without raising suspicion. Effective communication with patients and families is essential in management, emphasizing reassurance and avoiding unnecessary interventions. Prognosis for recovery is generally favorable, but recurrence risk underscores the need for ongoing support and follow-up care.