Abstract
The sol-gel method has been widely used to prepare several materials, such as glass fibers, catalysts, electrochemical devices, or thin films. Sol-gel is considered an economical and straightforward method compared to physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which are more complex and need more facilities. At the same time, almost the same quality has been evaluated for sol-gel thin films. Furthermore, chemical tailoring of raw materials to produce new functional compositions is more feasible than conventional methods such as PVD. Thin films utilizing sol-gel were prepared by dip coating, spin coating, electrochemical coating, and spray coating methods, where these methods can be used for various substrate types. Prepared thin films may be utilized in several areas of application, such as semiconductors, catalysts, or photocatalysts.
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