Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in nonmetastatic metaplastic breast cancer patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background and purpose: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (BC-Mp) is an uncommon subtype that poses unique challenges. The limited information on patient prognosis and therapeutic strategies motivated our research initiative. We aimed to assess disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and influential factors in patients with nonmetastatic BC-Mp. Materials and methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, clinicopathological data for nonmetastatic BC-Mp patients treated at four oncology units in Poland (2012–2022) were gathered. Results: Among 115 women (median age 61, range: 28–91), the median tumor size was 40 mm (range 20–130); 30% of patients exhibited positive local lymph nodes. The majority of patients presented with stage II (46%) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (84%). Radiotherapy was administered to 61% of patients. Surgical procedures included breast-conserving surgery in 31% of patients and mastectomy in 68%. Eighty-three per cent of patients received chemotherapy. The median estimated DFS and OS were 59 and 68 months, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that tumor size influenced DFS and OS (Hazard ratios [HR] = 1.02, 95%CI 0.01–0.03 for both endpoints) and taxanes application improved DFS (HR = 0.47, 95%CI 0.24–0.93), but other factors did not. For patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (N = 51), taxanes improved DFS and OS according to univariable analysis. Interpretation: Our findings highlight poor DFS and OS regardless of receiving optimal treatment, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic strategies for BC-Mp patients. Taxanes appear promising in a neoadjuvant setting, particularly within the current standard of care for the TNBC subtype.