Invited Paper. Aspects of Surface Science in Australian Industry

Abstract

Three techniques giving information on composition and chemical states of atoms in the first few monolayers of a surface are described: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Their application to industrial problem solving, optimization of process or materials, and long-term research and development is illustrated in three case studies. Analysis of the effectiveness of surface treatments for steel pipe before fusion-bonded epoxy application revealed thin phosphate layers and partial separation of chromate from silicate in passivation. Aluminosilicate layers on glacial quartz used for glass making were detected giving handling and melting difficulties. These problems were overcome by changes to process conditions resulting from the surface investigation and plant trials. Exploratory research has produced a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst effective in totally converting CO and H2 (H2/CO ≥ 1) into short-chain alkenes at 300°, with H2O and CO2 (H2O/CO2 = 2) as by-products. The catalyst is made from natural bauxite. Characterization of the surface properties by surface analysis and electron microscopy is described. Examples of other projects for Australian industry are summarized.