Bird-like complex nesting behaviour by the Brazilian-endemic reef fish Gramma brasiliensis

Abstract

Nesting is a common behaviour associated with reproduction in several taxa. Nevertheless, this important parental care behaviour is rarely reported for reef-associated fish. The present study provides the first description of bird-like complex nesting behaviour of the endangered basslet (Gramma brasiliensis). Males were observed building nests using macroalgae thalli around holes and depressions, in coralline substrate. Algae were used to camouflage the nest entrance and to form a cushioned bed for egg laying. Nesting is a critical aspect of the reproductive strategy of G. brasiliensis, so, this behaviour is a key factor for the management measures implications on the conservation of the species.