Author:
Beutel Rolf G.,Pollock Darren A.
Abstract
The larval head of a Phycosecis species is described and
illustrated. Characters are compared to those found in larvae of other groups
of Cucujiformia. Monophyly of all cleroid families examined is supported by
several apomorphic features at least partly correlated with predacious habits:
antennae directed anteriad, absence of the mandibular mola, presence of a
pedunculate seta on the mala, presence of a median endocarina, origin of
antennal muscles exclusively from the head capsule, and presence of a weakly
pigmented, parallel-sided gular plate. A possible apomorphy of Cleroidea
excluding Phloiophilidae is the parallel-sided, prognathous head. A
sister-group relationship between Phycosecidae and Melyridae is supported by
the presence of a plumose lacinia mobilis and secondary loss of the median
endocarina. A monophylum comprising Cleridae + Chaetosomatidae is
characterised by a strongly elongated, sclerotised larval gula, the strongly
protracted position of the ventral mouthparts, and a cardo as long as or
longer than the stipes. Monophyly of Trogossitidae is only weakly supported.
Several apomorphies indicate a sister-group relationship between Cleroidea and
Nitidulidae. These two taxa are characterised by a fully developed
maxillolabial complex, an elongated prepharyngeal tube, and tergal
sclerotisation restricted to the prothorax and tergite IX. A tentorial bridge
completely separated from the remaining tentorium, and a maxillolabial complex
with partly restricted motility of the maxilla are shared derived features of
larvae of Cleroidea, Nitidulidae, Coccinellidae and Endomychidae. An unusual
attachment of a part of the tentoriostipital muscle to the floor of the
prepharyngeal tube is found in all cleroid and cucujoid larvae examined.
Cleroidea are a well-defined monophyletic group and may form a monophylum
together with a paraphyletic assemblage of Cucujoidea. A close relationship
between Cleroidea and Lymexylidae is refuted.
Subject
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Cited by
29 articles.
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