Inequality and the Biosphere

Author:

Hamann Maike12,Berry Kevin3,Chaigneau Tomas4,Curry Tracie5,Heilmayr Robert67,Henriksson Patrik J.G.8910,Hentati-Sundberg Jonas11,Jina Amir12,Lindkvist Emilie8,Lopez-Maldonado Yolanda13,Nieminen Emmi14,Piaggio Matías1516,Qiu Jiangxiao17,Rocha Juan C.89,Schill Caroline89,Shepon Alon18,Tilman Andrew R.19,van den Bijgaart Inge20,Wu Tong21

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa

2. The Natural Capital Project, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA;,

3. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA;

4. Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom;

5. School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA;

6. Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

7. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA

8. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; emilie.lindkvist@su.se

9. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;, ,

10. WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia

11. Department of Aquatic Resources, Marine Research Institute, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-453 30 Lysekil, Sweden;

12. Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;

13. Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany;,

14. Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki FI-00251, Finland;

15. Environment for Development-Center for Tropical Agricultural Research and Education (EfD-CATIE), 30501 Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica;

16. Universidad de la República, 22100 Montevideo, Uruguay

17. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, Florida 33314, USA;

18. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel;

19. Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;

20. Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;

21. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA;

Abstract

Rising inequalities and accelerating global environmental change pose two of the most pressing challenges of the twenty-first century. To explore how these phenomena are linked, we apply a social-ecological systems perspective and review the literature to identify six different types of interactions (or “pathways”) between inequality and the biosphere. We find that most of the research so far has only considered one-directional effects of inequality on the biosphere, or vice versa. However, given the potential for complex dynamics between socioeconomic and environmental factors within social-ecological systems, we highlight examples from the literature that illustrate the importance of cross-scale interactions and feedback loops between inequality and the biosphere. This review draws on diverse disciplines to advance a systemic understanding of the linkages between inequality and the biosphere, specifically recognizing cross-scale feedbacks and the multidimensional nature of inequality.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

General Environmental Science

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