Global Muscle Strength But Not Grip Strength Predicts Mortality and Length of Stay in a General Population in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Author:

Lee Jeanette J.1,Waak Karen2,Grosse-Sundrup Martina3,Xue Feifei4,Lee Jarone5,Chipman Daniel6,Ryan Cheryl7,Bittner Edward A.8,Schmidt Ulrich9,Eikermann Matthias10

Affiliation:

1. J.J. Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

2. K. Waak, PT, DPT, CCS, Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman St, WACC 136, Boston, MA 02114 (USA).

3. M. Grosse-Sundrup, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital.

4. F. Xue, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital.

5. J. Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital.

6. D. Chipman, RRT, Department of Respiratory Care Services, Massachusetts General Hospital.

7. C. Ryan, RN, MSN, Department of Clinical Nursing Services, Massachusetts General Hospital.

8. E.A. Bittner, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital.

9. U. Schmidt, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital.

10. M. Eikermann, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Klinik fuer Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Essen-Duisburg University, Essen, Germany.

Abstract

Background Paresis acquired in the intensive care unit (ICU) is common in patients who are critically ill and independently predicts mortality and morbidity. Manual muscle testing (MMT) and handgrip dynamometry assessments have been used to evaluate muscle weakness in patients in a medical ICU, but similar data for patients in a surgical ICU (SICU) are limited. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of strength measured by MMT and handgrip dynamometry at ICU admission for in-hospital mortality, SICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Design This investigation was a prospective, observational study. Methods One hundred ten patients were screened for eligibility for testing in the SICU of a large, academic medical center. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, diagnoses, and laboratory data were collected. Measurements were obtained by MMT quantified with the sum (total) score on the Medical Research Council Scale and by handgrip dynamometry. Outcome data, including in-hospital mortality, SICU LOS, hospital LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation, were collected for all participants. Results One hundred seven participants were eligible for testing; 89% were tested successfully at a median of 3 days (25th–75th percentiles=3–6 days) after admission. Sedation was the most frequent barrier to testing (70.6%). Manual muscle testing was identified as an independent predictor of mortality, SICU LOS, hospital LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Grip strength was not independently associated with these outcomes. Limitations This study did not address whether muscle weakness translates to functional outcome impairment. Conclusions In contrast to handgrip strength, MMT reliably predicted in-hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, SICU LOS, and hospital LOS.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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