СONTENT OF ALKALOIDS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF PEGANUM HARMALA L. DURING ONTOGENESIS

Abstract

Peganum garmala contains in its composition quinazoline (L-peganine (vasicin), pegamine, peganol, deoxypeganine, peganidin, etc.) and β-carboline (harmine, harman, harmaline, harmalol, etc.) alkaloids, which also cause different pharmacological activity harmala preparations. The accumulation of alkaloids depends on the stage of ontogenesis and differs in the aboveground and underground parts of the plant. The aim of the work is to determine the possibility of using various plant organs for the isolation of individual alkaloids. The study was conducted on the underground and aboveground organs of a plant collected on the territory and the Republic of Kyrgyzstan in the phases of vegetation, flowering and fruiting. Using thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry, it was found that the alkaloid peganine predominates in the aerial part of the plant. In the roots in the phase of vegetation and flowering, harmine predominates, while in the fruiting phase it is absent and only peganine is recorded. Quantitative determination of the content of both alkaloids was carried out by measuring the optical density at wavelengths characteristic of the extremums of peganine (266 nm) and harmine (315 nm). As a result, it was found that the content of peganin in the aboveground organs of the common harmala does not depend on the stage of ontogenesis. At the same time, the content of alkaloids in harmala roots decreases in ontogeny with a simultaneous change in the ratio of harmine and peganine – harmine predominates in the vegetation and flowering stages, and in the fruiting stage, its content decreases to a trace level with a simultaneous increase in the content of peganine.