Phonon-mediated many-body quantum entanglement and logic gates in ion traps

Abstract

The high-fidelity multi-ion entangled states and quantum gates are the basis for trapped-ion quantum computing. Among the developed quantum gate schemes, Mølmer-Sørensen gate is a relatively mature experimental technique to realize multi-ion entanglement and quantum logic gates. In recent years, there have also been schemes to realize ultrafast quantum entanglement and quantum logic gates that operate outside the Lamb-Dicke regime by designing ultrafast laser pulse sequences. In such a many-body quantum system, these entanglement gates couple the spin states between ions by driving either the phonon energy level or the motional state of the ion chain. To improve the fidelity of quantum gates, the modulated laser pulses or the appropriately designed pulse sequences are applied to decouple the multi-mode motional states. In this review, we summarize and analyze the essential aspects of realizing these entanglement gates from both theoretical and experimental points of view. We also reveal that the basic physical process of realizing quantum gates is to utilize nonlinear interactions in non-equilibrium processes through driving the motional states of an ion chain with laser fields.