Measurement of the muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment

Author:

Albanese R.ORCID,Alexandrov A.ORCID,Alicante F.ORCID,Anokhina A.ORCID,Asada T.ORCID,Battilana C.ORCID,Bay A.ORCID,Betancourt C.ORCID,Bick D.ORCID,Biswas R.ORCID,Castro A. BlancoORCID,Boccia V.ORCID,Bogomilov M.ORCID,Bonacorsi D.ORCID,Bonivento W. M.ORCID,Bordalo P.ORCID,Boyarsky A.ORCID,Buontempo S.ORCID,Campanelli M.ORCID,Camporesi T.ORCID,Canale V.ORCID,Castro A.ORCID,Centanni D.ORCID,Cerutti F.ORCID,Chernyavskiy M.ORCID,Choi K. -Y.ORCID,Cholak S.ORCID,Cindolo F.ORCID,Climescu M.ORCID,Conaboy A. P.ORCID,Dallavalle G. M.ORCID,Davino D.ORCID,de Bryas P. T.ORCID,De Lellis G.ORCID,De Magistris M.ORCID,De Roeck A.ORCID,De Rújula A.ORCID,De Serio M.ORCID,De Simone D.ORCID,Crescenzo A. DiORCID,Donà R.ORCID,Durhan O.ORCID,Fabbri F.ORCID,Fedotovs F.ORCID,Ferrillo M.ORCID,Ferro-Luzzi M.ORCID,Fini R. A.ORCID,Fiorillo A.ORCID,Fresa R.ORCID,Funk W.ORCID,Walls F. M. GarayORCID,Golovatiuk A.ORCID,Golutvin A.ORCID,Graverini E.ORCID,Guler A. M.ORCID,Guliaeva V.ORCID,Haefeli G. J.ORCID,Hagner C.ORCID,Herrera J. C. HeloORCID,van Herwijnen E.ORCID,Iengo P.ORCID,Ilieva S.ORCID,Infantino A.ORCID,Iuliano A.ORCID,Jacobsson R.ORCID,Kamiscioglu C.ORCID,Kauniskangas A. M.ORCID,Khalikov E.ORCID,Kim S. H.ORCID,Kim Y. G.ORCID,Klioutchnikov G.ORCID,Komatsu M.ORCID,Konovalova N.ORCID,Kuleshov S.ORCID,Lacker H. M.ORCID,Lantwin O.ORCID,Manghi F. LasagniORCID,Lauria A.ORCID,Lee K. Y.ORCID,Lee K. S.ORCID,Meo S. LoORCID,Loschiavo V. P.ORCID,Marcellini S.ORCID,Margiotta A.ORCID,Mascellani A.ORCID,Miano A.ORCID,Mikulenko A.ORCID,Montesi M. C.ORCID,Navarria F. L.ORCID,Ogawa S.ORCID,Okateva N.ORCID,Ovchynnikov M.ORCID,Paggi G.ORCID,Park B. D.ORCID,Pastore A.ORCID,Perrotta A.ORCID,Podgrudkov D.ORCID,Polukhina N.ORCID,Prota A.ORCID,Quercia A.ORCID,Ramos S.ORCID,Reghunath A.ORCID,Roganova T.ORCID,Ronchetti F.ORCID,Rovelli T.ORCID,Ruchayskiy O.ORCID,Ruf T.ORCID,Gilarte M. SabateORCID,Sadykov Z.ORCID,Samoilov M.ORCID,Scalera V.ORCID,Schmidt-Parzefall W.ORCID,Schneider O.ORCID,Sekhniaidze G.ORCID,Serra N.ORCID,Shaposhnikov M.ORCID,Shevchenko V.ORCID,Shchedrina T.ORCID,Shchutska L.ORCID,Shibuya H.ORCID,Simone S.ORCID,Siroli G. P.ORCID,Sirri G.ORCID,Soares G.ORCID,Sohn J. Y.ORCID,Sandoval O. J. SotoORCID,Spurio M.ORCID,Starkov N.ORCID,Timiryasov I.ORCID,Tioukov V.ORCID,Tramontano F.ORCID,Trippl C.ORCID,Ursov E.ORCID,Ustyuzhanin A.ORCID,Vankova-Kirilova G.ORCID,Verguilov V.ORCID,Leonardo N. Viegas GuerreiroORCID,Vilela C.ORCID,Visone C.ORCID,Wanke R.ORCID,Yaman E.ORCID,Yazici C.ORCID,Yoon C. S.ORCID,Zaffaroni E.ORCID,Saa J. ZamoraORCID

Abstract

AbstractThe Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC (SND@LHC) started taking data at the beginning of Run 3 of the LHC. The experiment is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in an energy range between 100 GeV and 1 TeV. It covers a previously unexplored pseudo-rapidity range of $$7.2<\eta <8.4$$ 7.2 < η < 8.4 . The detector is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. It comprises a veto system, a target consisting of tungsten plates interleaved with nuclear emulsion and scintillating fiber (SciFi) trackers, followed by a muon detector (UpStream, US and DownStream, DS). In this article we report the measurement of the muon flux in three subdetectors: the emulsion, the SciFi trackers and the DownStream Muon detector. The muon flux per integrated luminosity through an 18$$\times $$ × 18 cm$$^{2}$$ 2 area in the emulsion is: $$\begin{aligned} 1.5 \pm 0.1(\text {stat}) \times 10^4\,\text {fb/cm}^{2}. \end{aligned}$$ 1.5 ± 0.1 ( stat ) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 . The muon flux per integrated luminosity through a 31$$\times $$ × 31 cm$$^{2}$$ 2 area in the centre of the SciFi is: $$\begin{aligned} 2.06\pm 0.01(\text {stat})\pm 0.12(\text {sys}) \times 10^{4} \text {fb/cm}^{2} \end{aligned}$$ 2.06 ± 0.01 ( stat ) ± 0.12 ( sys ) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 The muon flux per integrated luminosity through a 52$$\times $$ × 52 cm$$^{2}$$ 2 area in the centre of the downstream muon system is: $$\begin{aligned} 2.35\pm 0.01(\text {stat})\pm 0.10(\text {sys}) \times 10^{4}\,\text {fb/cm}^{2} \end{aligned}$$ 2.35 ± 0.01 ( stat ) ± 0.10 ( sys ) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 The total relative uncertainty of the measurements by the electronic detectors is 6$$\%$$ % for the SciFi and 4$$\%$$ % for the DS measurement. The Monte Carlo simulation prediction of these fluxes is 20–25$$\%$$ % lower than the measured values.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous),Engineering (miscellaneous)

Reference13 articles.

1. G. Acampora et al., SND@LHC - Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC. https://cds.cern.ch/record/2834502, Geneva (2022)

2. R. Albanese, (SND@LHC Collaboration): Observation of collider muon neutrinos with the SND@LHC experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 031802 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.031802

3. Preliminary analysis of the luminosity calibration of the ATLAS 13.6 TeV data recorded in 2022. Technical report, CERN, Geneva (2023). http://cds.cern.ch/record/2853525

4. O. S. Brüning, P. Collier, P. Lebrun, S. Myers, R. Ostojic, J. Poole, P. Proudlock, LHC Design Report. CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs. CERN, Geneva (2004). https://doi.org/10.5170/CERN-2004-003-V-1. https://cds.cern.ch/record/782076

5. S. I. Ilieva, Measurement of the muon flux at SND@LHC (2023). http://cds.cern.ch/record/2859193

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