Enrichment of Algerian kaolin using froth flotation method

Abstract

The objective of this research is to study the removal of coloring impurities from Algerian kaolin ore (Tamazert kaolin, TK) located in the eastern region of Algeria, utilizing froth flotation process. The results obtained from XRF, SEM, and XRD characterization demonstrate that this local material is an alumino-silicate containing kaolinite, along with impurities such as Fe2O3 (> 2.7 % by weight) and TiO2 (0.28 % by weight) which contribute to its coloring. After homogenization, crushing and milling, several froth flotation tests were conducted on TK. The results revealed that Tamazert kaolin exhibits favorable performance with froth flotation, in order to improve its properties. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all fractions can be treated effectively using froth flotation with an optimal mass yield (weight recovery) of 79.84 % in concentrate for the fraction of 20–40 μm. Iron and titanium, the main coloring impurities in Tamazert kaolin, were reduced from 2.7 % to 0.08 % by weight for Fe2O3 in the fraction 20-40 μm, and from 0.28 % to 0.04 % by weight for TiO2 in the same fraction, as determined by the optimum test. The significant reduction in coloring impurities (Fe2O3 and TiO2) achieved through the flotation process confirms that iron is present in a free state in Tamazert kaolin. It can be ultimately confirmed that the froth flotation process can be a potentially effective process to improve the quality of Tamazert kaolin ore by removing Fe2O3 and TiO2 with satisfactory results which meet the requirements of local companies.