Study of the structure and properties of cermets based on the NiAl–Al₂O₃ system

Abstract

The powder metallurgy method including mechanical activation of powders in a planetary mill and spark plasma sintering at 1470 °C in an inert atmosphere was used to obtain NiAl–45vol.%Al2O3 cermet samples with the addition of nanoparticles of magnesium aluminum spinel in an amount of 0.05 vol.%. The features of their microstructure were investigated. Spinel nanoparticles are located at the boundaries between the grains of composite components. The results of X-ray phase analysis at t = 25 and 800 °C were obtained. The main components of the material at t = 20 °C are α-Al2O3 and NiAl. The dependence of internal friction on temperature in the range of 20–900 °C was studied, and the influence of magnesium aluminum spinel nanoparticles on the nature of its change was established. The internal friction curve shows that vibration damping occurs up to 600 °C. Dependences of the ultimate bending strength of cermets at t = 20÷750 °C were determined. The positive effect of introducing a small amount of magnesium aluminum spinel on the elastic properties of composites was established. The best mechanical properties were demonstrated for NiAl–42vol.%Al2O3–0.05vol.%MgAl2O4 samples. On average, the ultimate bending strength of this material was 8–15 % higher compared to samples without nanoparticles. The materials obtained in this research had an ultimate bending strength under normal conditions of 460–490 MPa. A summarizing analysis of NiAl–Al2O3 cermet researches was carried out to determine the nature of the ultimate bending strength dependence on the ratio of components. It was found that it has an extreme nature: the maximum is observed when using the ratio of aluminum oxide to aluminum nickel equal to 0.5.