1. From the Department of Anesthesiology, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California (U.J.); Divisions of Trauma Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M.); Department of Anesthesiology, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (C