1. Office of Performance and Transformation, Keck Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
2. Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
3. Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
4. Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
5. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
6. VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
7. Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.